Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

Europe’s Unauthorized Immigrant Population Peaks in 2016, Then Levels Off

Appendix D: References

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Albano, Alessandro, Veronica Corsini and Andrea Gereöffy. 2015. “Demographic statistics: A review of definitions and methods of collection in 44 European countries.”

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Berglund, Nina. July 31, 2017. “Life ‘too difficult’ in Norway for ‘illegals’.” News in English.

Bibbo, Barbara. Oct. 22, 2018. “Border tensions boil over as France ‘dumps’ migrants in Italy.” Al Jazeera.

Centre d’Observation de la Société. March 12, 2018. “Combien de sans-papiers en France?

Cesareo, Vincenzo, ed. 2019. “The twenty-fourth Italian report on migrations 2018.” Fondazione Iniziative e Studi Sulla Multietnicità.

Clandestino. 2009. “Database on irregular migration.”

Clandestino. 2009. “Definitions.”

Clandestino. October 2009. “Size and development of irregular migration to the EU.”

Cohn, D’Vera. June 20, 2013. “Lessons from the German census.” Pew Research Center.

Connor, Phillip. Sept. 19, 2019. “A majority of Europeans favor taking in refugees, but most disapprove of EU’s handling of the issue.” Pew Research Center.

Connor, Phillip. Sept. 18, 2018. “The most common Mediterranean migration paths into Europe have changed since 2009.” Pew Research Center.

Connor, Phillip. Sept. 20, 2017. “Still in Limbo: About a Million Asylum Seekers Await Word on Whether They Can Call Europe Home.” Pew Research Center.

Connor, Phillip. Aug. 2, 2016. “Number of Refugees to Europe Surges to Record 1.3 Million in 2015.” Pew Research Center.

de Vogue, Ariane. Aug. 20, 2019. “Justice Dept. tells Supreme Court decision to end DACA was lawful.” CNN.

Destatis. 2019. “Migration and integration.” Destatis

European Commission. 2019. “Asylum procedures.”

European Commission. 2019. “Country responsible for asylum application (Dublin).”

European Commission. 2019. “Irregular migration.”

European Commission. 2019. “Non-EU nationals.”

European Commission. 2019. “Subsidiary protection status.”

European Commission. 2019. “Subsidiary protection.”

European Commission. 2019. “Third-country national.”

Eurostat. September 13, 2019. “All valid permits by reason, length of validity and citizenship on 31 December of each year.”

Eurostat. 2019. “European Union Labour Force Survey (EU LFS).”

Eurostat. October 3, 2019. “Persons subject of asylum applications pending at the end of the month by citizenship, age and sex monthly data (rounded).”

Eurostat. September 25, 2019. “Population on 1 January by age, group, sex and citizenship.”

Eurostat. 2019. “Residence permits (migr_res): Reference metadata in Euro SDMX Metadata Structure (ESMS).”

Eurostat. April 25, 2019. “EU member states granted protection to more than 300,000 asylum seekers in 2018.”

Ghio, Daniela and Gian Carlo Blangiardo. May 3, 2019. “Exploring the link between irregular migration and asylum: the case of Italy.” Genus.

Secretaría de Estado de Migraciones. 2019. “Autorizaciones de residencia por circunstancias excepcionales.” Gobierno de Espana.

Gomez, Alan and David Jackson. Jan. 19, 2019. “DACA, DREAMers, TPS? Who are they, what do they have to do with Trump, the wall and the shutdown?” USA Today.

Gonzalez-Barrera and Phillip Connor. March 14, 2019. “Around the World, More Say Immigrants Are a Strength Than a Burden.” Pew Research Center.

González-Ferrer, Amparo and Francisco Javier Moreno-Fuentes. Dec. 17, 2017. “Back to the Suitcase? Emigration during the Great Recession in Spain.” South European Society and Politics.

Gopalakrishnan, Manasi. Nov. 2, 2017. “When an asylum request is rejected.” Deutsche Welle.

Gordon, Ian, Kathleen Scanlon, Tony Travers and Christine Whitehead. May 2009. “Economic impact on the London and UK economy of an earned regularization of irregular migrants to the UK.” Greater London Authority.

Gouvernement de France. 2019. “Qu’estice que la régularisation d’un étranger par le travail?

Jandl, Michael, Dita Vogel and Krystyna Iglicka. “Report on methodological issues.” Clandestino.

Jauhiainen, Jussi S., Katri Gadd and Justus Jokela. January 2018. “Undocumented migrants in Finland in 2017.” University of Turku.

Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques. Oct. 8, 2019. “Immigrés, étrangers.”

König, Alexandra. 2014. “Regularisations and Employment in France REGANE assessment report.” International Centre for Migration Policy Development.

Lanzieri, Giampaolo. Oct. 5, 2018. “Comparability of migration and residence permits data in the EU statistics.” United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.

Lemaître, Georges. May 18, 2017. “A general method for estimating the number of unauthorized immigrants using standard data sources.” International Organization for Migration’s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre.

Les Echos. Nov. 8, 2017. “300.000 étrangers en situation irrégulière en France, selon Gerard Collomb.” Les Echos.

Marcelli, Enrico A. and Paul M. Ong. May 10, 2002. “The contribution of unauthorized and legal Mexican immigrants to the census undercount in Los Angeles county.” Population Association of America.

Palmer, Alasdair and David Wood. June 2017. “The politics of fantasy: Immigration policy in the UK after Brexit.” Civitas.

Paparinskis, Martins. April 2018. “Political and electoral rights on non-citizen residents in Latvia and Estonia: Current situation and perspectives.” European Parliament.

Passel, Jeffrey S. and D’Vera Cohn. June 12, 2019. “Mexicans decline to less than half the U.S. unauthorized immigrant population for the first time.” Pew Research Center.

Passel, Jeffrey S. and D’Vera Cohn. Nov. 27, 2018. “Methodology – U.S. unauthorized immigrant total dips to lowest level in a decade.” Pew Research Center.

Peralta-Gallego, Leia, Joan Gené-Badia and Pedro Gallo. August 22, 2018. “Effects of undocumented immigrants exclusion from health care coverage in Spain.” Health Policy.

Piché, Victor. June 4, 2018. “Cinq mythes sur l’immigration en France: différents contextes.” Métro.

Thorud, Espen. Jan. 19, 2017. “Immigration and immigrants 2015-2016.” Norwegian Ministries.

Tondo, Lorenzo. Aug. 25, 2019. “Nearly 900,000 asylum seekers living in limbo in EU, figures show.” The Guardian.

UK Office for National Statistics. Aug. 21, 2019. “Understanding different migration data sources: August 2019 progress report.”

UK Office for National Statistics. July 16, 2012. “Explaining the difference between the 2011 census estimates and the rolled-forward population estimates.”

UK Office for National Statistics. April 10, 2014. “Quality of long-term international migration estimates from 2001 to 2011.”

Valle, Jorge L. Vega, Sandra Martin Mazo and Antonio Argüeso Jiménez. Oct. 24-26, 2018. “Duration of migratory episodes in Spain: Procedure of calculation and results.” United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.

Van Hook, Jennifer and Frank D. Bean, James D. Bachmeier, Catherine Tucker. Feb. 26, 2014. “Recent trends in coverage of the Mexican-born population of the United States: Results from applying multiple methods across time.” Demography.

Vogel, Dita. July 2015. “Update report Germany: Estimated number of irregular foreign residents in Germany (2014). Clandestino.

Wallis, Emma. Feb. 2, 2019. “When can refugee status or subsidiary protection be revoked?” InfoMigrants.

Woodbridge, Jo. 2005. “Sizing the unauthorised (illegal) migrant population in the United Kingdom in 2001.” United Kingdom’s Home Office.

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