The unauthorized immigrant population in the United States reached 10.5 million in 2021. That was a modest increase over 2019 but nearly identical to 2017.

Democrats hold the edge on many issues, but more Americans agree with Republicans on the economy, crime and immigration. Inflation remains the top concern for Republicans and Republican-leaning independents, with 77% saying it is a very big problem. For Democrats and Democratic leaners, gun violence is the top concern, with about 81% saying it is a very big problem.

Just 23% of Americans say the government is doing a good job dealing with the large number of people seeking asylum at the border, while 73% say it’s doing a bad job.

Recent monthly migrant encounter totals far exceed the peak reached during the last major wave at the U.S.-Mexico border in May 2019.

There are sizable ideological differences over the most pressing priorities for the U.S. immigration system within each partisan coalition.

As the debate over the future of Title 42 unfolds, here are answers to key questions about the immigration policy.

Nearly four-in-ten Latinos (39%) say they worry that they, a family member or someone close to them could be deported.

The U.S. Border Patrol reported more than 1.6 million encounters with migrants along the U.S.-Mexico border in the 2021 fiscal year.

Republican support for allowing undocumented immigrants to remain legally in the United States has declined.

Latinos agree that the U.S. immigration system needs an overhaul; large shares say it requires major changes or needs to be completely rebuilt.