This report was made possible by The Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder.

This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals:

Research team

Courtney Kennedy, Director, Survey Research Nick Hatley, Research Analyst Scott Keeter, Senior Survey Advisor Andrew Mercer, Senior Research Methodologist Arnold Lau, Research Analyst Joshua Ferno, Assistant Panel Manager Dorene Asare-Marfo, Survey Methodologist Skye Toor, former Data Science Assistant Patrick van Kessel, Senior Data Scientist Adam Hughes, Associate Director, Data Labs

Communications and editorial

Rachel Weisel, Senior Communications Manager Hannah Klein, Communications Manager Calvin Jordan, Communications Associate Travis Mitchell, Copy Editor

Graphic design and web publishing

Bill Webster, Information Graphics Designer Travis Mitchell, Digital Producer

Colleagues both within and outside of Pew Research Center contributed to the development and execution of this study. In particular, we appreciate insights from Jake Soffronoff about approaches for detecting suspicious cases.