The health of America’s democracy declined in 2025, according to new evaluations from organizations that have long tracked how well democracies around the world are working.
| Year | Freedom in the World score | V-Dem Liberal Democracy Index | EIU Democracy Index |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1/1/05 | 93 | 0.79 | |
| 1/1/06 | 93 | 0.8 | 8.22 |
| 1/1/07 | 94 | 0.84 | |
| 1/1/08 | 94 | 0.85 | 8.22 |
| 1/1/09 | 94 | 0.85 | |
| 1/1/10 | 94 | 0.85 | 8.18 |
| 1/1/11 | 93 | 0.85 | 8.11 |
| 1/1/12 | 93 | 0.84 | 8.11 |
| 1/1/13 | 92 | 0.85 | 8.11 |
| 1/1/14 | 92 | 0.85 | 8.11 |
| 1/1/15 | 90 | 0.85 | 8.05 |
| 1/1/16 | 89 | 0.83 | 7.98 |
| 1/1/17 | 86 | 0.75 | 7.98 |
| 1/1/18 | 86 | 0.74 | 7.96 |
| 1/1/19 | 86 | 0.74 | 7.96 |
| 1/1/20 | 83 | 0.73 | 7.92 |
| 1/1/21 | 83 | 0.76 | 7.85 |
| 1/1/22 | 83 | 0.77 | 7.85 |
| 1/1/23 | 83 | 0.79 | 7.85 |
| 1/1/24 | 84 | 0.75 | 7.85 |
| 1/1/25 | 81 | 0.57 | 7.65 |
The assessments come as most Americans say democracy in the United States used to be a good example for other countries to follow but has not been in recent years, according to a new Pew Research Center survey. And roughly seven-in-ten Americans are dissatisfied with the way their democracy is working. (Read more below.)
The new ratings of America’s democracy come from three organizations:
- The Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Institute surveys scholars and country experts to rate countries on elements of democracy including free and fair elections, checks and balances and civil rights.
- Freedom House publishes the yearly Freedom in the World report, which rates countries on political rights and civil liberties and is based on the views of local experts.
- The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) publishes the annual Democracy Index, which rates countries on electoral processes, governance, civil liberties, political participation and political culture.
All three evaluations show a weakening of American democracy over the past decade, including notable declines in 2025.
The V-Dem Liberal Democracy Index rates countries on a scale of 0 (least democratic) to 1 (most democratic). The U.S. had consistently received a score of 0.80 or higher in the Liberal Democracy Index, but it has been below that mark since 2017, when President Donald Trump first took office. In 2025, when Trump returned to office for his second term, the U.S. received a democracy rating of 0.57 – its lowest score since 1965.
The V-Dem report notes that the U.S. experienced particularly large declines in checks and balances. V-Dem’s measures of legislative and judicial constraints on executive power, for example, fell to their lowest levels in over 100 years.
Related: Trump has already issued more executive orders in his second term than in his first
V-Dem’s report downgrades the U.S. from a “liberal democracy” to an “electoral democracy.” Globally, the organization categorizes 31 nations as liberal democracies and 56 as electoral democracies. It designates another 57 countries as “electoral autocracies” and 35 others as “closed autocracies.” (In this analysis, we follow V-Dem’s broad criteria for what constitutes a “country.”)
The Freedom House study rates countries on a scale of 0 (least democratic) to 100 (most democratic). While the U.S. consistently received a score of 90 or higher through 2015, it fell below that level in 2016 and has not recovered since. In 2025, the U.S. received a score of 81, down 3 points from 2024. From 2005 to 2025, the U.S. rating declined more than any other country that Freedom House categorizes as “free,” except for Nauru and Bulgaria.
The EIU Democracy Index rates countries on a scale from 0 (least democratic) to 10 (most democratic). Using this index, the U.S. is categorized as a “flawed democracy” in 2025, with a score of 7.65 – its lowest score since the EIU began the index in 2006. It dipped below the threshold to meet the standard for a “full democracy” – an 8 or higher – in 2016.
Criticisms of democracy ratings
Some academics have criticized these democracy ratings. However, other scholars have disagreed with and responded to this criticism.
The Center for Systemic Peace also evaluates democracies through its Polity Project. The project rates countries from -10 to +10, with higher scores meaning a country is more democratic. In 2015, the organization gave the U.S. a +10, the most democratic grade. In 2020, it downgraded the U.S. to a +5, meaning the nation was no longer a democracy. In a January 2025 update, the organization wrote that the U.S. “is no longer considered a democracy and lies at the cusp of autocracy.” (We’ve excluded the Polity Project’s ratings from the charts in this analysis because the organization has not been consistently funded in recent years and no longer provides annual updates.)
U.S. democracy ratings trail those of other G7 nations
| Year | U.S. | Canada | France | Germany | Italy | Japan | U.K. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/1/15 | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.81 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.79 |
| 1/1/16 | 0.83 | 0.76 | 0.81 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.79 |
| 1/1/17 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.74 | 0.80 |
| 1/1/18 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.80 | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.81 |
| 1/1/19 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.79 | 0.83 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.79 |
| 1/1/20 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.80 |
| 1/1/21 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.78 |
| 1/1/22 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.77 |
| 1/1/23 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 0.77 |
| 1/1/24 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.69 | 0.74 | 0.75 |
| 1/1/25 | 0.57 | 0.74 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.64 | 0.73 | 0.69 |
While democracy is declining in many parts of the world, the U.S. has experienced a more significant fall than other high-income democracies, according to the 2026 V-Dem report.
Prior to 2017, V-Dem rated the U.S. as more democratic than most of its peer countries in the Group of Seven (G7), a group of top industrial democracies. In the organization’s latest analysis, the U.S. democracy score is below that of all other G7 nations.
However, other G7 nations also have had notable declines on the Liberal Democracy Index in recent years, particularly Italy and the United Kingdom.
Many Americans express dissatisfaction with the way democracy is working
Recent Pew Research Center surveys have shown that many Americans are unhappy about the state of the nation’s democracy.
| Date | Has never been a good example | Used to be a good example but has not been in recent years | Is a good example | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 2024 | 8 | 72 | 19 | Total |
| March 2026 | 7 | 68 | 24 | Total |
| April 2024 | 6 | 75 | 17 | Among Republicans |
| March 2026 | 6 | 56 | 38 | Among Republicans |
| April 2024 | 7 | 71 | 22 | Among Democrats |
| March 2026 | 7 | 80 | 12 | Among Democrats |
In a March 2026 survey, 68% of Americans – including majorities in both parties – say democracy in the United States used to be a good example for other countries to follow but has not been in recent years. Far fewer (24%) say U.S. democracy is a good example for other countries to follow. Another 7% say the U.S. has never been a good example.
In a 2024 survey, during the presidency of Joe Biden, 72% of Americans said the U.S. used to be a good example of democracy but has not been in recent years.
However, there have been changes among Republicans and Democrats since 2024. Republicans and Republican-leaning independents have become more likely to describe the U.S. as a good example, while Democrats and Democratic leaners have become less likely to hold that view.
In the March 2026 survey, 69% of U.S. adults also say they are dissatisfied with the way democracy is working in the U.S., up 7 percentage points from last year. Democrats are overwhelmingly dissatisfied with how democracy is working (86% dissatisfied, 13% satisfied), while Republicans are divided (51% dissatisfied, 48% satisfied).
The U.S. also stands out among wealthy countries for having a large share of “pessimistic reformers” – that is, people who say the nation’s political system needs major changes or complete reform but aren’t confident that such changes can happen.
Related: Americans stand out internationally for their pessimism about the nation’s political system
Note: Here are the survey questions used for this analysis, the detailed responses and the survey methodology.
