Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

Religious Radio Across America

Music on religious radio

Pew Knight Initiative
About this research

This Pew Research Center report from the Pew-Knight Initiative is about the AM and FM radio stations across the United States that primarily broadcast religious or faith-based content. It looks at the characteristics of these stations and the programming they play, along with who listens to religious programming and why.

The Pew-Knight Initiative is a research program funded jointly by The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. Find related reports online at https://www.pewresearch.org/pew-knight/.

Why did we do this?

Pew Research Center does high-quality research to help the public, the media and decision-makers understand important topics. Understanding more about the sources Americans turn to for information – including religious radio stations – is a key part of the Center’s long-standing research agenda on news habits and media. Religious radio stations can be heard in most parts of the U.S. and make up a considerable portion of the country’s media landscape.  

Learn more about Pew Research Center and our news habits and media research.

How did we do this?

For this study, we used three main data sources to get a broad look at where religious radio stations are, what their programming tends to sound like and reasons their listeners tune in:

  • Data about all FCC-licensed terrestrial AM and FM radio stations in the U.S. from Radio-Locator, an industry database with information about where stations are located, the geographical areas they cover and the primary type of programming they air. We also examined the websites of religious stations to learn how they describe their mission and religious affiliation.
  • Around 440,000 hours of audio collected from the internet broadcasts of more than 2,000 religious stations during the month of July 2025.
  • A survey of 5,023 U.S. adults conducted June 9-15, 2025, that asked members of the Center’s American Trends Panel about the religious audio programming they listen to and why.

Here are the survey questions used for this report, the detailed responses and the study’s methodology.

Music is core to Americans’ experiences with religious programming. Around four-in-ten U.S. adults (37%) say they ever listen to religious music. And music of some kind occupies around half of all airtime on religious radio across the United States.

To determine what music is played most often on religious radio, we randomly collected more than 300,000 songs played on religious stations in July 2025. We then used the AudD music recognition API to identify those songs, their artists and the musical genres those artists are affiliated with. (We use the word “artists” throughout this analysis to refer to both individual recording artists as well as bands or ensembles.)

On one level, music on religious radio is quite diverse. Nearly 14,000 artists appeared in our sample of 300,000 songs, reflecting a range of Christian (and some non-Christian) music genres.

At the same time, religious radio airplay favors a relatively small set of genres and artists. The average listener is much more likely to hear artists who play contemporary Christian music (CCM) or worship music than they are to hear artists of other genres. And 16% of all songs we collected were by just 10 artists.

These findings are part of a larger study on religious radio in the U.S.

Most common music genres

The vast majority of the music that plays on U.S. religious radio can be identified as Christian music of some kind (88%).


Music on religious radio is dominated by contemporary Christian and worship music
% of songs played on U.S. religious radio stations that are by artists who play …
Chart
Note: Genre data could not be retrieved for 8% of recognized tracks. Songs can belong to multiple genres.
Source: Pew Research Center analysis of 439,711 hours of programming on FCC-licensed terrestrial AM/FM religious radio stations, recorded July 2025; 300,915 tracks sampled for identification using AudD music recognition API.
“Religious Radio Across America”
PEW-KNIGHT INITIATIVE


Music on religious radio is dominated by contemporary Christian and worship music
% of songs played on U.S. religious radio stations that are by artists who play …
GenreShare of songsgroup
All Christian music88%1
Non-Christian music4%1
Contemporary Christian music68%2
Worship63%2
Pop42%2
Gospel27%2
Country21%2
Rock19%2
Alternative15%2
R&B/Hip-hop6%2
Folk5%2
Other3%2

Note: Genre data could not be retrieved for 8% of recognized tracks. Songs can belong to multiple genres.
Source: Pew Research Center analysis of 439,711 hours of programming on FCC-licensed terrestrial AM/FM religious radio stations, recorded July 2025; 300,915 tracks sampled for identification using AudD music recognition API.
“Religious Radio Across America”
PEW-KNIGHT INITIATIVE

Just 4% of songs could be identified as non-Christian music. (We couldn’t collect genre information for the remaining 8%.)

Stylistically, about two-thirds of these songs are by artists who play contemporary Christian music. A similar share are by artists who play worship music.

Other genres that appear often on religious radio include:

  • Pop (42% of tracks are by artists tagged as pop)
  • Gospel (27%)
  • Country (21%)
  • Rock (19%)
  • Alternative (15%)

The vast majority of the artists who play on religious radio perform in multiple genres, with CCM/worship and CCM/pop being the two most common combinations.

For the most part, religious stations across the country tend to play similar types of music. However, stations in the South play a larger share of songs by gospel artists (41% of all song plays vs. 20% across other regions) and Christian country artists (30% vs. 17%). Southern stations play correspondingly less worship, pop and rock music than stations elsewhere.

Artists who receive the most airtime

The 300,000 songs we collected for this analysis came from about 14,000 different artists. But despite that overall variety, religious radio stations tend to devote most of their music airtime to a relatively small number of popular performers.

A chart showing that The most popular 10% of artists account for 87% of song plays on religious radio

Just 10 artists accounted for 16% of all songs played on religious radio during the month we studied. This list includes contemporary Christian artists like Phil Wickham, Matthew West and the band MercyMe. Wickham, who claimed more airtime than any other artist in July 2025 (about 2.5% of all song plays), had two tracks that appeared on the weekly Billboard Christian Airplay chart during that month.

The top 10 artists on religious radio by airtime are largely long-standing figures in Christian music. All but one have been releasing music since before 2010, and several have careers stretching back into the 1990s or earlier.

 Beyond these 10 artists:

  • The top 1% of artists by airtime accounted for 57% of song plays.
  • The top 10% of artists accounted for 87% of song plays.

Meanwhile, the remaining 90% of artists together accounted for just 13% of songs plays in July 2025.

Times of day religious radio stations play music

Looking at U.S. religious radio stations collectively, music takes up 52% of all programming time. But there is some variation in how much music the average listener might hear depending on the time of day they tune in. Music is most prevalent during the evening time slot – 7 p.m. to midnight – accounting for 60% of overall broadcast time. And it is least prevalent during the morning drive time slot – 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. – when it occupies 47% of broadcast time.

A chart showing that Religious radio stations play more music in the evenings

However, not all religious radio stations play the same broad content mix. Similar shares of stations play mostly music (37%), mostly talk programming (35%) or a more even mix of talk and music (28%).

  • Among stations that play mostly talk, music takes up 8% to 12% of broadcast time across every major time slot in the typical 24-hour day.
  • Conversely, among stations that play mostly music, it occupies 85% of broadcast time or more during every time slot.

Stations that play a more equal mix of talk and music tend to air music and talk programming in roughly equal measures throughout the daytime. But the share of their broadcast time dedicated to music becomes substantially higher in the evening, rising to 71% between 7 p.m. and midnight.

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