This report draws on four surveys conducted by Pew Research Center between 2019 and 2022 using the American Trends Panel and supplemented by samples from the Ipsos KnowledgePanel and NORC’s AmeriSpeak panel. Brief descriptions of and links to the methodologies for these previously released surveys are included below.

The four studies

Study 1: Black Americans’ views on faith and religion 

The first survey that this report draws on was conducted among 8,660 Black adults (ages 18 and older) from Nov. 19, 2019, to June 3, 2020, and contains data from four sources: Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel (conducted online), NORC’s AmeriSpeak panel (conducted online or by phone), Ipsos’ KnowledgePanel (conducted online) and a national cross-sectional survey by the Center (conducted online and by mail). In this survey, Black adults include those who say they are Black and non-Hispanic, Black and at least one other race and non-Hispanic, or Black and Hispanic. This survey provided the questions on gender, faith and family discussed in Chapter 1 of this report. To learn more, read the detailed methodology and the report based on this survey

Study 2: U.S. adults’ views on gender equality and feminism

The second was conducted online among 3,143 U.S. adults (ages 18 and older) from March 18 to April 1, 2020, on Ipsos’ KnowledgePanel. There were 705 non-Hispanic Black adults in the sample. In this survey, Black adults only include those who say they are single-race Black and non-Hispanic. This survey provided the questions on gender equality and feminism discussed in Chapters 1 and 2 of this report. To learn more, read the detailed methodology and the report based on this survey.

Study 3: Black Americans’ views on racial identity and racial inequality

The third survey was conducted online among 3,912 Black adults (ages 18 and older) from Oct. 4 to 17, 2021. The survey includes 1,025 Black adults on the Center’s American Trends Panel and 2,887 Black adults on Ipsos’ KnowledgePanel. In this survey, Black adults include those who say they are Black and non-Hispanic, Black and at least one other race and non-Hispanic, or Black and Hispanic. There were 3,416 Black and non-Hispanic adults in the sample. This survey provided the questions on intersectionality and Black adults’ concern about discrimination against LGBTQ people in Chapter 3 of this report. To learn more, read the detailed methodology and two reports based on this survey covering Black Americans’ racial identity and political views

Study 4: U.S. adults’ views on transgender and nonbinary issues

The fourth survey was conducted online among 10,188 U.S. adults (ages 18 and older) from May 16 to 22, 2022, using the Center’s American Trends Panel. There were 799 Black adults in the sample. In this survey, Black adults only include those who say they are Black and non-Hispanic. This survey provided the questions on transgender and nonbinary issues discussed in Chapter 3 of this report. To learn more, read the detailed methodology and two reports based on this survey covering transgender and nonbinary adults in the United States and Americans’ views on gender identity and transgender issues. Learn more about how we measured the share of the U.S. population that is transgender or nonbinary.