—TABLE A— Party Identification by Subgroups* (Percentaged Horizontally) Total Total Number of Republican Democrat Independent Republican Democrat Interviews % % % % %
Total 30 31 39=100 46 46 (9652)
Sex Male 31 26 43=100 50 41 (4780) Female 28 37 35=100 41 50 (4872)
Race White 33 28 39 50 41 (7942) Non-white 9 56 35 17 74 (1613) Black 6 64 30 11 82 (997) Hispanic 21 37 42 34 57 (547)
Age Under 30 29 26 45 48 44 (1984) 30-49 30 29 41 46 44 (4089) 50-64 30 33 37 46 45 (1858) 65+ 29 42 29 41 52 (1603)
Sex by Age Male 18-29 31 21 48 53 39 (1127) 30-49 32 23 45 51 39 (2093) 50-64 31 27 42 51 40 (860) 65+ 28 41 31 44 50 (667) Female 18-29 27 32 41 42 49 (857) 30-49 28 36 36 41 50 (1996) 50-64 29 38 33 43 50 (998) 65+ 31 42 27 40 53 (936)
Sex by Race White male 34 23 43 55 37 (3966) White female 32 32 36 46 46 (3976) Black male 7 56 37 12 78 (437) Black female 5 70 25 9 85 (560)
Age by Race 18-29 White 34 22 44 53 38 (1439) Black 8 50 42 19 73 (284) 30-49 White 33 25 42 51 40 (3331) Black 4 66 30 8 84 (449) 50-64 White 33 29 38 50 41 (1629) Black 3 71 26 5 88 (155) 65+ White 32 38 30 44 48 (1472) Black 6 83 11 9 89 (98)
Race by Region by Sex White Non-South 31 28 41 49 42 (5313) Male 33 23 44 53 38 (2645) College grad. 37 23 40 56 38 (938) Non-college grad. 31 23 46 52 38 (1703) Female 30 32 38 44 46 (2668) College grad. 32 31 37 45 48 (672) Non-college grad. 30 32 38 44 46 (1985)
White South 36 28 36 54 39 (2629) Male 37 23 40 59 34 (1321) College grad. 47 18 35 67 29 (428) Non-college grad. 34 24 42 57 36 (890) Female 35 33 32 48 44 (1308) College grad. 45 26 28 58 37 (295) Non-college grad. 33 34 33 47 46 (1007)
Region East 27 31 42 43 48 (1952) Midwest 29 29 42 46 44 (2352) South 31 34 35 46 46 (3385) West 31 30 39 47 44 (1963)
Detailed Region New England 21 32 46 39 52 (497) Mid-Atlantic 32 30 38 45 46 (1249) East North Central 28 30 42 47 44 (1430) West North Central 27 31 42 44 46 (956) South Atlantic 31 33 36 45 46 (1667) East South Central 30 32 37 48 45 (672) West South Central 32 34 34 48 46 (894) Mountain 31 28 41 49 40 (934) Pacific 30 32 38 44 48 (1333)
Race by Region Whites East 30 29 41 46 45 (1649) Midwest 31 26 43 49 40 (2082) South 36 28 36 54 39 (2629) West 33 28 38 50 41 (1582)
Education College Grad. 35 28 37 51 43 (2704) Some College 31 29 40 49 42 (2417) High School Grad. 29 32 39 45 46 (3481) Less than H.S. Grad 22 38 40 37 53 (993)
Family Income $75,000+ 42 24 34 60 36 (940) $50,000-$74,999 37 27 36 54 40 (1380) $30,000-$49,999 32 29 39 49 43 (2601) $20,000-$29,999 27 33 40 44 47 (1756) Less than $20,000 22 38 40 35 55 (2099)
Community Size Large City 24 36 40 38 53 (1614) Suburb 35 29 36 51 43 (1860) Small City/Town 29 32 39 44 46 (2782) Rural Area 31 30 40 48 43 (1536)
Religious Preference Total White Prot. 38 25 37 55 37 (4468) White Prot. Evan. 42 25 33 59 34 (2156) White Prot. Non-Evan. 34 26 41 52 40 (2312) White Catholic 30 32 38 47 46 (1955)
Union Household Yes 23 41 36 36 55 (971) No 31 31 38 47 44 (4821)
Home Ownership Yes 32 31 37 48 44 (5410) No 25 33 42 39 51 (2379)
Marital Status Married 33 29 38 50 41 (5519) Divorced/Separated 22 35 43 36 54 (1270) Widowed 27 44 29 36 56 (809) Never married 26 30 44 43 49 (2012)
Marital Status by Sex Married women 32 33 35 46 45 (2662) Married men 34 25 41 54 37 (2857) Unmarried women 24 40 36 36 56 (2188) Unmarried men 26 28 47 45 46 (1903)
Parent or Guardian Yes 31 28 41 48 44 (2756) No 29 34 38 44 48 (4823)
Life Cycle Under 30 Married/single no kids 31 25 44 51 42 (1067) Married w/kids 27 27 46 46 44 (292) 30-49 Married 34 27 39 51 40 (2759) Not married 21 35 43 35 54 (1354) 50-64 Married 34 30 36 51 41 (1305) Not married 22 39 39 37 55 (550) 65+ Married 31 38 31 45 47 (846) Not married 27 46 27 37 56 (754)
Single mothers 21 36 44 35 54 (681)
* Based on 9,652 interviews conducted from July 1994-October 1995.
—TABLE B— Demographic Profiles of the Parties* (Percentaged Vertically)
Total Total Total Republican Democrat Independent Republican Democrat % % % % % %
Sex Male 48 50 40 53 53 43 Female 52 50 60 47 47 57 100 100 100 100 100 100 Race White 86 96 76 87 95 78 Non-white 14 4 24 12 5 22 Black 10 2 20 8 2 18 Hispanic 5 3 5 5 3 6
Age Under 30 22 22 19 25 23 21 30-49 42 42 39 44 42 41 50-64 19 19 20 18 20 19 65+ 17 17 22 13 15 19
Sex by Age Male 18-29 11 12 7 14 13 10 30-49 21 22 16 24 24 18 50-64 9 9 8 10 10 8 65+ 7 7 9 6 7 8 Female 18-29 11 10 11 12 10 12 30-49 21 20 24 20 19 23 50-64 10 10 12 9 9 11 65+ 10 10 13 7 9 11
Age by Race 18-29 White 18 20 13 21 21 15 Black 3 1 5 3 1 5 30-49 White 37 41 30 40 42 32 Black 5 1 10 4 1 8 50-64 White 18 19 17 18 20 16 Black 2 * 4 1 * 3 65+ White 16 17 20 13 16 17 Black 1 * 3 * * 2
Region East 21 19 20 22 19 23 Midwest 25 24 23 27 25 25 South 34 36 37 31 35 31 West 21 21 20 20 21 21
Detailed Region New England 5 4 6 6 5 6 Mid-Atlantic 13 14 13 13 13 13 East North Central 15 14 14 16 15 14 West North Central 10 10 10 11 10 10 South Atlantic 16 17 18 15 16 17 East South Central 7 8 8 7 8 7 West South Central 9 10 10 8 9 9 Mountain 10 10 9 10 11 9 Pacific 14 14 14 14 14 14
Education College Grad. 21 25 19 20 24 20 Some College 23 24 21 23 24 21 High School Grad. 38 38 39 38 38 39 Less than H.S. Grad 18 13 21 18 14 20
Family Income $75,000+ 9 13 7 8 12 7 $50,000-$74,999 14 17 12 13 16 12 $30,000-$49,999 29 31 27 30 31 27 $20,000-$29,999 21 19 21 21 20 21 Less than $20,000 27 20 33 28 21 32
Community Size Large City 20 16 23 20 17 23 Suburb 22 26 20 21 25 21 Small City/Town 36 35 37 37 35 36 Rural Area 21 22 19 21 22 19
Religious Preference Total White Prot. 70 74 64 69 73 65 White Prot. Evang. 34 40 31 30 38 30 White Prot. Non-Evang. 35 34 33 39 35 35 White Catholic 30 26 36 31 27 35
Union Household Yes 17 13 21 16 13 20 No 83 87 78 83 86 79
Home Ownership Yes 68 73 67 65 72 65 No 31 26 33 34 27 35
Marital Status Married 56 63 52 54 62 51 Divorced/Separated 13 10 15 15 11 16 Widowed 9 8 12 6 7 11 Never married 21 18 20 24 20 23
Marital Status by Sex Married women 28 30 29 25 28 28 Married men 29 33 23 30 34 23 Unmarried women 24 20 31 22 19 30 Unmarried men 19 17 17 23 19 20
Parent or Guardian Yes 37 38 33 39 38 35 No 63 61 67 61 61 65
Life Cycle Under 30 Married/single no kids 12 13 10 14 13 11 Married w/kids 4 4 3 4 4 4 30-49 Married 28 32 24 28 31 24 Not married 14 10 16 16 11 17 50-64 Married 13 15 13 12 15 12 Not married 6 4 7 6 5 7 65+ Married 9 9 10 7 9 9 Not married 8 8 12 6 7 10
Number of Interviews (9652) (2927) (2965) (3760) (4452) (4359)
* Based on 9,652 interviews conducted from July 1994-October 1995.
—TABLE C— Political Values by Party Identification*
Total Republican Democrat Independent % % % % Government efficiency Gov’t is wasteful & inefficient 65 71 57 67 Gov’t does better job 32 27 40 30
Government regulation Reg. is in the public interest 42 31 51 42 Reg. does more harm than good 53 64 42 53
Elected officials in Washington Lose touch with constituents 73 74 68 77 Try hard to keep in touch 24 24 28 20
Elected officials in Washington Care about people like me 32 35 36 29 Don’t care about people like me 64 63 61 68
Poor people Have it easy 52 65 42 50 Have hard lives 39 26 50 39
Government should Do more to help poor & needy 48 35 60 48 Can’t afford to do more to help 46 59 36 46
The position of blacks** Has improved in recent years 73 76 71 73 Hasn’t improved much 23 21 26 23
Racial discrimination** Is the reason blacks can’t get ahead 31 25 37 32 Blacks responsible for own condition 59 65 54 58
Best way to ensure peace Is through military strength 36 47 29 34 Is through diplomatic means 57 47 64 60
Willingness to fight for country Everyone should be willing to fight 50 62 46 45 It’s acceptable to refuse to fight 46 35 51 52
Power of a few large companies Too much power concentrated 76 67 82 78 Largest co.s don’t have too much power 19 27 14 18
Business corporations Make too much profit 52 38 62 54 Make a fair amount of profit 43 57 34 41
Environmental protection Should do whatever it takes 77 67 84 81 We’ve gone too far 20 30 14 16
Stricter environmental regulations Cost too many jobs/hurt economy 34 43 30 31 Are worth the cost 61 53 64 66
Homosexuality Society should accept it 46 34 54 50 Society should discourage it 49 62 41 45
Books with dangerous ideas Should be banned from public school libraries 45 48 46 41 Should not be banned 52 50 52 57
*This analysis is based on 9,652 interviews conducted from July 1994 – October 1995. Percentages in this and subsequent tables do not add to 100% because “Don’t Know” responses are not shown. ** These percentages are based on whites only.
—TABLE D— Political Issues by Party Identification
Total Republican Democrat Independent % % % % Abortion (June 1996) Generally available 32 25 37 34 Available with restrictions 24 21 24 26 Against law except for rape/incest 33 40 30 30 Prohibited in all cases 10 12 8 8
Woman’s right to decide about abortion should be preserved (October 1995) Completely agree 49 42 51 55 Mostly agree 22 22 23 21 Mostly disagree 11 12 9 11 Completely disagree 17 22 17 11
Allowing distribution of birth control information (June 1996) Favor 76 66 83 80 Oppose 21 32 15 18
Allowing gay marriage (June 1996) Favor 28 15 33 33 Oppose 65 80 58 60
Denying welfare benefits to unwed teenagers (June 1996) Favor 36 43 32 34 Oppose 56 52 58 59
Affirmative action programs to help blacks, women, other minorities get better jobs and education (August 1995)* Favor 58 48 73 53 Oppose 36 45 22 43
Affirmative action programs which give special preferences to qualified blacks,women, other minorities(August 1995)* Favor 46 35 59 46 Oppose 46 57 30 50
True that Medicare faces serious financial difficulties OR 52 62 46 48 leaders saying this so they can cut Medicare benefits to balance budget (Aug. 1995) 37 25 44 41
Reduce rate of growth in Medicare spending (August 1995) Approve 34 45 24 35 Disapprove 61 50 71 60
Shift full responsibility for Medicaid to the states (September 1995) Favor 53 68 40 48 Oppose 40 25 51 46
Who would do better job of providing health benefits and long term care to poor, disabled and elderly (September 1995) Federal government 39 25 52 41 State governments 54 71 37 53 Neither 2 2 3 2
How important that Congress balance budget (January 1996) Very important 62 71 57 60 Somewhat important 28 24 30 29 Not too important 6 4 9 6 Not at all Important 3 * 3 5
* Each of these questions was asked of half the sample to test the effect of question wording.
—TABLE E— Profile of Dole Supporters vs. Non-Supporters Among Republicans* (Based on Registered Voters)
Support Do Not Dole Support Dole % % Sex Male 50 40 Female 50 60
Race White 96 90 Non-white 3 8 Black 1 3 Hispanic 3 7
Age 18-29 18 19 30-49 43 40 50+ 37 39
Education College Graduate 29 22 Some College 25 25 High School Graduate 37 41 Less than H.S. Graduate 9 11
Family Income $50,000+ 32 28 $30,000-$49,999 29 24 Less than $30,000 26 34
Region East 18 26 Midwest 25 25 South 36 22 West 22 26
Ideology** Conservative 65 43 Moderate 31 35 Liberal 3 18
Clinton Approval Approve 11 73 Disapprove 83 19
GOP Congress Approval Approve 81 50 Disapprove 9 37
1992 Vote Clinton 4 32 Bush 70 31 Perot 11 17 Number of Interviews (658) (145)
* This analysis is based on surveys conducted in June 1996 and July 1996. ** The ideology measure was only available in the June 1996 survey.
—TABLE F— Political Measures By Gender and Age Among Republicans
—-Gender—- ———-Age———- Male Female 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+ % % % % % % Political Values: The analysis on political values is based on interviews conducted July 1994-October 1995. Government efficiency Gov’t is wasteful & inefficient 73 69 59 76 74 74 Gov’t does better job 26 28 39 23 23 22
Government regulation Reg. is in the public interest 29 34 40 32 26 23 Reg. does more harm than good 68 61 57 65 68 69
Elected officials in Washington Lose touch w/constituents 76 71 73 77 77 61 Try hard to keep in touch 22 26 26 20 22 33
Elected officials in Washington Care about people like me 35 35 38 34 31 39 Don’t care about people like me 63 62 60 65 67 56
Poor people Have it easy 69 62 68 64 66 64 Have hard lives 24 28 30 27 23 23
Government should Do more to help poor & needy 31 39 46 34 30 29 Can’t afford to do more to help 64 55 52 61 63 61
The position of blacks Has improved in recent years 75 76 74 74 77 80 Hasn’t improved much 23 20 24 24 19 16
Racial discrimination Is the reason blacks can’t get ahead 24 27 32 27 19 23 Blacks responsible for own condition 68 61 64 62 70 64
Best way to ensure peace Is through military strength 57 36 34 49 56 46 Is through diplomatic means 38 57 63 45 37 43
Willingness to fight for country Everyone should be willing to fight 67 56 53 61 68 67 It’s acceptable to refuse to fight 30 39 45 36 27 27
Power of a few large companies Too much power concentrated 63 71 70 70 66 59 Largest co.s don’t have too much power 33 21 27 27 26 29
Business corporations Make too much profit 33 44 41 39 39 34 Make a fair amount of profit 64 49 57 58 56 54
Environmental protection Should do whatever it takes 63 71 77 69 60 56 We’ve gone too far 34 26 21 28 35 38
Stricter environmental regulations Cost too many jobs/hurt economy 50 37 36 40 50 51 Are worth the cost 48 58 63 57 45 38
Homosexuality Society should accept it 29 39 45 36 29 24 Society should discourage it 68 56 54 61 68 68
Books with dangerous ideas Should be banned from libraries 44 52 37 46 54 61 Should not be banned 54 45 63 52 43 34
Belief in miracles Miracles are performed by God 84 92 90 89 89 82 No such thing as miracles 11 6 9 8 7 11
Belief in judgement day We’ll all be called before God 82 87 83 86 87 79 No such thing as judgement day 14 9 16 10 10 14 Number of Interviews (1527) (1400) (588) (1225) (576) (503)
Political Behavior/Attitudes: Analysis on Political Attitudes/Behavior based on June 1996 survey. Clinton approval Approve 22 25 30 24 18 20 Disapprove 69 68 65 69 74 65
GOP Congress approval Approve 79 71 78 74 76 72 Disapprove 13 16 13 12 17 19
Presidential trial heat (Registered Voters) Clinton/lean Clinton 14 20 21 14 20 16 Dole/lean Dole 84 77 78 84 78 80
Clinton favorability Very favorable 5 5 7 4 5 5 Mostly favorable 24 25 27 26 20 20 Mostly unfavorable 41 42 42 44 37 38 Very unfavorable 30 26 22 26 35 34
Dole favorability Very favorable 19 23 12 16 32 35 Mostly favorable 64 59 67 66 51 52 Mostly unfavorable 12 12 14 13 11 6 Very unfavorable 3 3 5 4 0 2
Congress favorability Very favorable 8 9 12 7 9 9 Mostly favorable 51 55 55 54 52 46 Mostly unfavorable 30 25 23 32 23 26 Very unfavorable 9 6 8 4 9 12
Hillary Clinton favorability Very favorable 3 7 9 4 4 6 Mostly favorable 21 25 19 26 10 32 Mostly unfavorable 40 37 39 41 41 28 Very unfavorable 33 28 33 28 40 29
Congressional trial heat (Registered Voters) Republican/lean Republican 96 93 96 95 94 89 Democrat/lean Democrat 3 5 4 4 2 7
Ideology Very conservative 10 13 11 12 14 10 Conservative 49 44 37 48 52 53 Moderate 33 31 39 32 23 31 Liberal 5 7 11 6 5 2 Very liberal 2 2 2 2 2 0
How certain will vote in 1996 Absolutely certain 80 83 67 83 91 88 Fairly certain 11 10 17 11 4 6 Not certain 2 1 2 1 1 0
How often vote Always 45 52 34 43 57 77 Nearly always 34 32 32 40 31 14 Part of the time 12 9 13 12 9 5 Seldom 6 4 11 4 2 1 Never 2 3 8 1 0 0
Follow public affairs Most of the time 55 35 30 45 56 56 Some of the time 28 43 42 37 31 23 Only now and then 14 15 21 13 8 18 Hardly at all 3 7 7 5 5 3
Number of Interviews Total (312) (297) (132) (280) (92) (100) Registered Voters (249) (253) (90) (231) (83) (93)
—–Republicans—– —-Gender—- ——-Age——- Male Female 18-29 30-49 50+ % % % % %
Political Issues Abortion (June 1996) Generally available 28 22 25 26 24 Available with restrictions 22 20 24 24 16 Against law except for rape/incest 38 42 42 39 41 Prohibited in all cases 10 15 8 11 17
Woman’s right to decide about abortion should be preserved (October 1995) Completely agree 41 43 ** 37 48 Mostly agree 24 20 24 17 Mostly disagree 14 10 14 8 Completely disagree 20 25 23 24
Allowing distribution of birth control information (June 1996) Favor 68 64 79 66 57 Oppose 29 34 20 33 38
Allowing gay marriages (June 1996) Favor 12 18 28 14 9 Oppose 82 78 69 80 87
Denying welfare benefits to unwed teenagers who have children (June 1996) Favor 48 37 44 43 41 Oppose 49 55 55 50 51
True that medicare faces serious 69 56 55 68 59 financial difficulties OR Leaders saying this so they can cut 20 29 28 18 31 medicare benefits to balance budget (Aug 1995)
Reduce rate of growth in medicare spending (August 1995) Approve 57 34 38 49 45 Disapprove 40 59 60 47 46
How important that Congress balance budget (January 1996) Very Important 78 64 ** 68 76 Somewhat Important 20 30 28 19 Not Too Important 2 5 4 4 Not at all Important 0 1 0 0
** Too Few Cases For Analysis
---TABLE G---Class Fault Lines Among Republicans*CollegeNon-CollegeLess than $30,000-Grad.Grad.$30,000$49,999$50,000+%%%%%Anxieties:Not having enough moneyfor retirementVery concerned3343434436Somewhat concerned4037363643Not too concerned1388137Not at all concerned11910513Being unable to put childthrough collegeVery concerned3439394434Somewhat concerned2823212128Not too concerned1499911Not at all concerned121214712Losing/being unable to afforda homeVery concerned1834412517Somewhat concerned2716172616Not too concerned2323173124Not at all concerned2921191139Losing job/taking cut in payVery concerned1534313024Somewhat concerned2019221419Not too concerned291482429Not at all concerned2216122420Number of interviews**(104)(214)(108)(84)(104)Becoming a victim of crimeVery concerned3648435338Somewhat concerned4331293341Not too concerned1716211119Not at all concerned35633Not having adequate child careVery concerned1728312619Somewhat concerned919142014Not too concerned1515131916Not at all concerned3214111337Being unable to afford healthcare in the futureVery concerned3858665531Somewhat concerned2923222531Not too concerned15941117Not at all concerned1685820Children not having goodjob opportunitiesVery concerned4552545147Somewhat concerned2423173029Not too concerned13910613Not at all concerned94348Number of Interviews***(99)(224)(107)(96)(94)Government Activism Scale****:"1"1714151518"2"1914131420"3"3129283030Total anti-government6758565968"4"2224242519"5"69987"6"3101175Total government activist3142444131Political Measures:Clinton approvalApprove1923212220Disapprove7568697276GOP Congress approvalApprove8267637584Disapprove1322261910Business corporationsMake too much profit2941434327Make a fair profit6853495471Number of Interviews+(199)(426)(209)(173)(195)*Based on a survey conducted October 25 - 30, 1995.**Number of interviews for first four items.***Number of interviews for four previous items.**** On this scale, "1" represents someone who believes government programsshould be cut back very much in order to lower taxes and reduce the powerof government, and "6" represents someone who feels that governmentprograms that help needy people and deal with important national problemsshould be maintained.+Number of interviews for four previous items.
