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Religious “nones” are people who describe themselves as atheist, agnostic or “nothing in particular” when asked about their religious affiliation in our surveys. To measure religious affiliation in the United States, we asked: “What is your present religion, if any?” followed by a list of options: Respondents who choose atheist, agnostic or “nothing in particular” […]

Survey data shows that religious “nones” are, on average, less civically and politically engaged than people who identify with a religion. But the differences are often modest and tend to be concentrated among the subset of “nones” who describe their religion as “nothing in particular.” Indeed, by several measures, atheists and agnostics are about as […]

Not all ‘nones’ are nonbelievers. Far from it. While the “nones” include many nonbelievers, 70% of “nones” say they believe in God or another higher power, and 63% say they believe in spiritual forces beyond the natural world. Overall, 19% of religious “nones” are strict nonbelievers who don’t believe in God or any higher power, […]