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    2. Harassment of religious groups reaches new peak in 2019

    The number of countries and territories where religious groups experienced harassment by governments and social groups reached 190 (out of 198 analyzed) in 2019, a higher number than in any other year of the study. This figure is up from 185 in 2018. The harassment measured in the study includes a wide variety of actions […]

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    10. Religion and food

    Several of India’s most widely practiced religions include strict dietary laws. For instance, Islamic teachings have guidelines for halal eating, forbidding the consumption of pork and other products. Many Jains avoid not only meat but also root vegetables to avoid destroying the entire plant, which is seen as a form of violence in Jain theology. […]

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    Appendix A: Codebook

    Freedom and human rights Freedom of choice Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Freedom of assembly Human rights Freedom from oppression Elections and procedure Voting Referendums Free and fair elections Public chooses government Ability to vote people out Voice in government Needs of the majority win out Public has power to influence decisions Elected officials […]

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    Acknowledgments

    This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals. Find related reports online at pewresearch.org/pewresearch-org/religion. Primary Researcher Gregory A. Smith, Associate Director, Research Research Team         Alan Cooperman, Director of Religion Research Besheer Mohamed, Senior Researcher Becka A. Alper, Senior Researcher Kiana Cox, Research Associate Claire Gecewicz, Research Associate […]

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    Methodology

    This section describes the sources and variables used for the analyses in this report. It explains known limitations of the data. Next, it outlines the strengths and weaknesses of the map used, as well as possible alternatives and reasons why data is shown as missing in some areas. Finally, the multilevel mixed-effects modeling used in […]

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    Acknowledgments

    This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals. Find related reports online at pewresearch.org/pewresearch-org/religion. Primary Researchers           Justin Nortey, Research Assistant Claire Gecewicz, Research Associate Research Team         Gregory A. Smith, Associate Director, Research Alan Cooperman, Director of Religion Research Becka A. Alper, Senior Researcher Joshua Alvarado, Research Assistant […]

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    1. The midterm elections and views of Biden

    Among all registered voters, preferences for the U.S. House are currently closely divided – and a sizable share of voters say they are uncertain of how they would vote if the election were held today. Four-in-ten registered voters currently support or lean toward the Republican candidate in their district, while about the same share back […]

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    Diversity and Division in Advanced Economies

    Wide majorities in most of the 17 advanced economies surveyed say having people of many different backgrounds improves their society, but most also see conflicts between partisan, racial and ethnic groups.

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    3. Faith and Flag Conservatives

    Staunchly conservative on all issues; deeply loyal to Donald Trump Note: For a new and fully revised version of Pew Research Center’s political typology (published June 2026), read “Beyond Red vs. Blue: The 2026 Political Typology.” Faith and Flag Conservatives are highly religious, politically engaged and both socially and economically conservative. They favor a robust role […]

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    Religion in India: Tolerance and Segregation

    Indians see religious tolerance as a central part of who they are as a nation. Across the major religious groups, most people say it is very important to respect all religions to be “truly Indian.”