4. Where China is seen as an ally or threat
China is named as a top ally in sub-Saharan African and Latin American countries surveyed, but considered a top threat in the Asia-Pacific region.
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2. Global migration change, 1990-2020
Migration outpaced global population growth by 83% to 47% from 1990-2020. Buddhist and Muslim migrants more than doubled in number during this time.
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3. Muslim population change
Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing and second-largest religious group. In the Middle East-North Africa region, they make up 94% of the population.
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1. Number of countries with ‘very high’ government restrictions increases in 2022
Of the 198 places analyzed, 24 scored “very high” in our measure of government restrictions, up from 19 in 2021. For social hostilities, “very high” score totals were unchanged.
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3. Median scores for government restrictions peak, social hostilities involving religion tick down in 2021
Government restrictions on religion, by region The global median score on the Government Restrictions Index (GRI) rose from 2.8 in 2020 to 3.0 in 2021, the highest it’s been since Pew Research Center created the index in 2007. Both Europe and the Americas saw increases in their regional GRI scores, though their median scores remained […]
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Government Restrictions on Religion Stayed at Peak Levels Globally in 2022
Long-term analysis of 198 countries and territories shows government restrictions on religion and social hostilities toward religious groups go hand in hand.
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3. Median scores for government restrictions and social hostilities stay the same in 2022
In 2022, global median scores on the Center’s Government Restrictions and Social Hostilities Indexes mirrored 2021. But some regions saw change since 2021.
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Appendix A: Sources
This appendix lists the survey sources used to measure religious switching, importance of religion and daily prayer for adults in 102 countries and territories. ‘Religion and Spirituality in East Asian Societies’ (this report; fieldwork in 2023) Hong KongJapanSouth KoreaTaiwanVietnam Various U.S. surveys (fieldwork in 2022-2023)[10. numoffset=”10″ For the United States, figures on religious switching were calculated […]
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Appendix A: Regions
This appendix lists studied countries and territories by region. These regional categories were chosen to be consistent with our previous reports on the global demography of religion. The word “country” is used interchangeably with “countries and territories” in this report for the sake of brevity. We include countries and territories recognized as such by the […]
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4. Indians’ views of other countries
Indians were also asked to evaluate the influence of six other countries. Of the countries asked about, the U.S. is most likely to be seen as having become more influential, with about half of Indians saying they see the United States’ influence in the world in recent years getting stronger. In contrast, 14% say that […]
