2. Global migration change, 1990-2020
Migration outpaced global population growth by 83% to 47% from 1990-2020. Buddhist and Muslim migrants more than doubled in number during this time.
Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World
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1. Number of countries with ‘very high’ government restrictions increases in 2022
Of the 198 places analyzed, 24 scored “very high” in our measure of government restrictions, up from 19 in 2021. For social hostilities, “very high” score totals were unchanged.
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Government Restrictions on Religion Stayed at Peak Levels Globally in 2022
Long-term analysis of 198 countries and territories shows government restrictions on religion and social hostilities toward religious groups go hand in hand.
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3. Median scores for government restrictions and social hostilities stay the same in 2022
In 2022, global median scores on the Center’s Government Restrictions and Social Hostilities Indexes mirrored 2021. But some regions saw change since 2021.
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Methodology
About Pew Research Center’s Spring 2026 Global Attitudes Survey Results for the survey are based on a mix of telephone, face-to-face and online interviews conducted under the direction of Gallup, Langer Research Associates and Social Research Centre. The results are based on national samples, unless otherwise noted. Read more about our international survey methodology and […]
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Methodology
About Pew Research Center’s Spring 2026 Global Attitudes Survey Results for the survey are based on a mix of telephone, face-to-face and online interviews conducted under the direction of Gallup, Langer Research Associates and Social Research Centre. The results are based on national samples, unless otherwise noted. Read more about our international survey methodology and […]
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report
Methodology
About Pew Research Center’s Spring 2026 Global Attitudes Survey Results for the survey are based on a mix of telephone, face-to-face and online interviews conducted under the direction of Gallup, Langer Research Associates and Social Research Centre. The results are based on national samples, unless otherwise noted. Read more about our international survey methodology and […]
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report
Methodology
About Pew Research Center’s Spring 2026 Global Attitudes Survey Results for the survey are based on a mix of telephone, face-to-face and online interviews conducted under the direction of Gallup, Langer Research Associates and Social Research Centre. The results are based on national samples, unless otherwise noted. Read more about our international survey methodology and […]
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report
3. Median scores for government restrictions peak, social hostilities involving religion tick down in 2021
Government restrictions on religion, by region The global median score on the Government Restrictions Index (GRI) rose from 2.8 in 2020 to 3.0 in 2021, the highest it’s been since Pew Research Center created the index in 2007. Both Europe and the Americas saw increases in their regional GRI scores, though their median scores remained […]
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Appendix A: Sources
This appendix lists the survey sources used to measure religious switching, importance of religion and daily prayer for adults in 102 countries and territories. ‘Religion and Spirituality in East Asian Societies’ (this report; fieldwork in 2023) Hong KongJapanSouth KoreaTaiwanVietnam Various U.S. surveys (fieldwork in 2022-2023)[10. numoffset=”10″ For the United States, figures on religious switching were calculated […]