This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals:

Solomon Messing, Director, Data Labs Patrick van Kessel, Data Science Associate Adam Hughes, Research Associate Nick Judd, Data Labs Fellow Rachel Blum, Data Labs Fellow Brian Broderick, DevOps Engineer Rachel Weisel, Communications Manager Peter Bell, Information Graphics Designer Travis Mitchell, Digital Producer

In addition, the report benefited from feedback provided by the following Pew Research Center experts:

Claudia Deane, Vice President, Research Michael Dimock, President Ruth Igielnik, Research Associate Galen Stocking, Research Associate Katerina Matsa, Senior Researcher Brad Jones, Research Associate Andrew Mercer, Senior Methodologist Amy Mitchell, Director, Journalism Research Jocelyn Kiley, Associate Director, Research  

The following external scholars provided valuable feedback: Justin Grimmer, Sean J. Westwood, Doug Rice, and Andrew J. Clarke. Participants at the 2016 “New Directions in Analyzing Text as Data” conference also provided useful feedback. While the analysis was guided by our consultations with these advisers, the Pew Research Center is solely responsible for the interpretation and reporting of the data.