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    7. Religion and politics

    Most Buddhists and Muslims in the countries surveyed support basing laws on religious doctrine. In Buddhist-majority countries – where Buddhism is embedded in the constitutions – a majority of Buddhists favor basing the law on Buddhist dharma, with support ranging from 56% of Buddhists in Thailand to nearly all in Cambodia (96%). And most Muslims […]

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    2. Global migration change, 1990-2020

    Migration outpaced global population growth by 83% to 47% from 1990-2020. Buddhist and Muslim migrants more than doubled in number during this time.

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    1. Number of countries with ‘very high’ government restrictions stays level in 2021

    Government restrictions on religion All 198 countries and territories in our study had at least some level of government restrictions or regulations related to religious activity reported in 2021. However, the severity of the restrictions and the extent to which governments enforced them varied from one place to another. The differences are reflected in each […]

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    4. Restrictions on religion in the world’s 25 most populous countries in 2021

    Egypt, Pakistan, India, Indonesia and Nigeria had the highest levels of overall restrictions (both government restrictions and social hostilities) among the 25 most populous countries in 2021. Japan, the United States, South Africa, Italy and Brazil had the lowest levels of overall restrictions among these countries. Each year we look separately at the 25 most […]

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    6. Non-religion

    Many international studies, including from Pew Research Center, compare levels of religious identity and commitment across countries. China tends to rank high on the lists of countries with the biggest share of people who are – by several measures – secular. In China, religious affiliation is typically translated as “religious belief,” such as in the […]

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    2. Why are ‘nones’ nonreligious?

    The survey asked “nones” why they are nonreligious, offering a list of six possible reasons and asking respondents to say whether each is an extremely, very, somewhat, not too, or not at all important reason why they are nonreligious. Respondents could choose multiple reasons, and many did. The reason “nones” give most often for not […]

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    Acknowledgments

    This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals: Becka A. Alper, Senior ResearcherLaura Silver, Associate Director, Global Attitudes ResearchBesheer Mohamed, Senior Researcher Dorene Asare-Marfo, Panel ManagerNida Asheer, Senior Communications ManagerSarah Austin, Research AssistantAnna Brown, Research MethodologistAchsah Callahan, Communications ManagerAlan Cooperman, Director, Religion ResearchJoseph Copeland, Research AnalystCarroll Doherty, […]

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