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    1. Religion and religious affiliation

    Despite growth in the share of people who are not religiously affiliated, religion continues to have significant consequences for American society and politics. As a result, we take great care in how we measure religious affiliation and related attitudes and behaviors. The decline of religion in the United States and many other Western democracies is […]

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    3. Religious beliefs

    Overwhelming shares of Muslims, Christians and Hindus in the countries surveyed say they believe in God, including many who are absolutely certain in this belief. But Buddhists are less likely to believe in God, and in this survey we sought to expand religious measurement tools beyond questions – such as about belief in God – […]

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    6. Religious diversity and national identity

    Many people throughout the countries surveyed – including all major religious groups – express a general acceptance of religious diversity. For example, large majorities in each country say they would accept followers of other religions as their neighbors. Most people across the region also describe other religions as peaceful and as compatible with their national […]

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    Appendix A: Sources

    This appendix lists the survey sources used to measure religious switching, importance of religion and daily prayer for adults in 102 countries and territories. ‘Religion and Spirituality in East Asian Societies’ (this report; fieldwork in 2023) Hong KongJapanSouth KoreaTaiwanVietnam Various U.S. surveys (fieldwork in 2022-2023)[10. numoffset=”10″ For the United States, figures on religious switching were calculated […]

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    5. Funeral practices and beliefs about the afterlife

    As is the case in many world religions, rituals around death are a key part of religious practice for multiple groups in the region. In most countries surveyed, when people are asked to consider planning a loved one’s funeral, they place great importance on religious elements. For example, 72% of Indonesians say inviting an imam […]

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    5. Religious upbringing and childhood education

    As a kid, most Americans say they were raised in a religion, went to religious services at least monthly, and had at least some religious education. Religious Landscape Study by Pew Research Center.

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    14. Spiritual and religious self-descriptions

    Nearly three-quarters say they’re spiritual, and 58% say they’re religious. Read about how these identities do – or don’t – overlap for some Americans. Religious Landscape Study by Pew Research Center.

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