This report was produced by Pew Research Center as part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures project, which analyzes religious change and its impact on societies around the world. Funding for the Global Religious Futures project comes from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John Templeton Foundation.

This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals: 

Research Team

Neha Sahgal, Associate Director of Research Alan Cooperman, Director of Religion Research Scott Gardner, Senior Researcher Jonathan Evans, Research Analyst Ariana Monique Salazar, Research Analyst Kelsey Jo Starr, Research Analyst     

Methodology Team

Patrick Moynihan, Associate Director, International Research Methods Martha McRoy, Research Methodologist

Editorial and Graphic Design

Michael Lipka, Editorial Manager Jeff Diamant, Senior Writer/Editor Dalia Fahmy, Senior Writer/Editor Aleksandra Sandstrom, Copy Editor Bill Webster, Information Graphics Designer

Communications and Web Publishing

Stacy Rosenberg, Associate Director, Digital Travis Mitchell, Digital Producer Anna Schiller, Communications Manager Haley Nolan, Communications Associate       

Others at Pew Research Center who provided research guidance include Michael Dimock, James Bell, Claudia Deane, Gregory A. Smith, Conrad Hackett, Phillip Connor, Anna Dean, Besheer Mohamed and Stephanie Kramer. Former Pew Research Center staff who contributed to this report include Katayoun Kishi, Steve Schwarzer, Gijs van Houten and Angelina E. Theodorou.

In addition, the Center received valuable assistance with information on church taxes in Europe from Jens Petersen, head of tax law at the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD); Daniel Kosch, secretary general of the Roman Catholic Central Conference of Switzerland; Jörg Stolz, professor of sociology of religion at the University of Lausanne; and Per Pettersson, professor of sociology of religion at Karlstad University.

Pew Research Center also received valuable input on this report from Matthias Koenig, professor in the Institute of Sociology at Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tuomas Martikainen, director of the Migration Institute of Finland; Detlef Pollack, professor of sociology of religion at the University of Münster; David Voas, professor of social science at University College London; Linda Woodhead, professor in the Politics, Philosophy and Religion department at Lancaster University. Additional advisers who provided input on the questionnaire include: Patrick Simon, senior researcher at the Institut National d’Études Demographiques; Naika Foroutan, professor of social sciences at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; and Nasar Meer, professor of race, identity and citizenship at the University of Edinburgh.

Pew Research Center is solely responsible for the interpretation and reporting of the data.