Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

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    4. Brazilians’ views of Lula and Bolsonaro

    Here are key takeaways about how Brazilians see their president and their country’s major opposition leader: Favorability of Lula Favorable views of Lula are about as common as unfavorable views (48% vs. 49%). This is largely unchanged from evaluations in early 2023. Brazilians ages 18 to 34 are more likely than their older counterparts to […]

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    1. Who are the ‘nones’? How are they defined?

    Religious “nones” are people who describe themselves as atheist, agnostic or “nothing in particular” when asked about their religious affiliation in our surveys. To measure religious affiliation in the United States, we asked: “What is your present religion, if any?” followed by a list of options: Respondents who choose atheist, agnostic or “nothing in particular” […]

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    Eileen Yam

    Eileen Yam is director of science and society research at Pew Research Center, where she oversees the Center’s efforts to understand the public’s views on emerging scientific developments and issues that affect our society and lives. Prior to joining the Center, she spent two decades conducting social science and public health research in more than 20 […]

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    1. The Biden-Trump rematch

    There are wide differences in support for Biden and Trump by voters’ gender, age, race and ethnicity, and education.

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    3. Are ‘nones’ less involved in civic life than people who identify with a religion?

    Survey data shows that religious “nones” are, on average, less civically and politically engaged than people who identify with a religion. But the differences are often modest and tend to be concentrated among the subset of “nones” who describe their religion as “nothing in particular.” Indeed, by several measures, atheists and agnostics are about as […]

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    4. Are all ‘nones’ nonbelievers?

    Not all ‘nones’ are nonbelievers. Far from it. While the “nones” include many nonbelievers, 70% of “nones” say they believe in God or another higher power, and 63% say they believe in spiritual forces beyond the natural world. Overall, 19% of religious “nones” are strict nonbelievers who don’t believe in God or any higher power, […]

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    4. Emotions, news and knowledge about the Israel-Hamas war

    Most Americans report having strong emotional reactions to the Israel-Hamas war. Yet, for the most part, Americans are not paying very close attention to news about the conflict. One sign of this limited attention is that only about half of U.S. adults can correctly answer a question that tests their factual knowledge by asking whether […]