Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

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    Methodology

    Overview of survey methodologies The analysis of changes in party identification over time is based on a compilation of survey estimates conducted by telephone between 1994 and 2018 and online surveys conducted on Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel between 2019 and 2023. Data from telephone surveys is adjusted to account for differences in survey […]

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    Methodology

    Overview Data in this report comes from Wave 153 of the American Trends Panel (ATP), Pew Research Center’s nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S. adults. The survey was conducted from Aug. 26 to Sept. 2, 2024. A total of 9,720 panelists responded out of 10,645 who were sampled, for a survey-level response rate of […]

  • report

    Methodology

    About Pew Research Center’s Spring 2023 Global Attitudes Survey Results for the survey are based on telephone, face-to-face and online interviews conducted under the direction of Gallup, Kantar Public, Langer Research Associates and Social Research Centre. The results are based on national samples, unless otherwise noted. More details about our international survey methodology and country-specific […]

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    Methodology

    The American Trends Panel survey methodology Overview Data in this report comes from Wave 149 of the American Trends Panel (ATP), Pew Research Center’s nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S. adults. The survey was conducted from July 1 to July 7, 2024. A total of 9,424 panelists responded out of 12,207 who were sampled, […]

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    Methodology: Survey

    The data in this Pew Research Center report is drawn from a national cross-sectional survey conducted by Westat. The sampling design of the survey was an address-based sampling (ABS) approach, supplemented by list samples, to reach a nationally representative group of respondents. The survey was fielded July 5, 2022, through Jan. 27, 2023. Self-administered screening […]

  • report

    Methodology

    The American Trends Panel survey methodology Overview Data in this report comes from Wave 154 of the American Trends Panel (ATP), Pew Research Center’s nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S. adults. The survey was conducted from Sept. 3 to 15, 2024. A total of 6,204 panelists responded out of 8,216 who were sampled, for […]

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    Appendix B: Classifying European political parties

    Classifying parties as populist Although experts generally agree that populist political leaders or parties display high levels of anti-elitism, definitions of populism vary. We use three measures to classify populist parties: anti-elite ratings from the 2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES), Norris’ Global Party Survey and The PopuList. We define a party as populist when […]

  • report

    Methodology

    The American Trends Panel survey methodology Overview The American Trends Panel (ATP), created by Pew Research Center, is a nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S. adults. Panelists participate via self-administered web surveys. Panelists who do not have internet access at home are provided with a tablet and wireless internet connection. Interviews are conducted in […]

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    Methodology

    This report is based on 664 members of Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP) who consented to share their username for research purposes, provided a verifiable TikTok handle and whose list of followed accounts is publicly visible on their profile. Refer to our earlier report methodology for more details about the ATP and our […]