Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

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  • press release

    Summary of findings: Europe’s Unauthorized Immigrant Population Peaks in 2016, Then Levels Off

    Editorial note to readers (March 19, 2025): This project estimated the number of unauthorized immigrants living in 32 European countries during the mid- to late-2010s. We used what were then the best available data sources from different governments and from the European Union. After our report was published in November 2019, researchers at the University […]

  • report

    Appendix A: Classifying European populist parties

    Classifying parties as populist Although experts generally agree that populist political leaders or parties display high levels of anti-elitism, definitions of populism vary. We use three measures to classify populist parties: anti-elite ratings from the 2017 Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES), Inglehart and Norris’s populism party scale and The PopuList. We define a party as […]

  • report

    4. Obstacles to using phones

    Individuals face many potential hardships when trying to access mobile technology. As discussed in previous chapters, these can range from limited access to electricity to low literacy to financial constraints or some combination of these and other factors. Given this complexity, we wanted to understand who experiences which types of problems using mobile phones and […]