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    Acknowledgments

    Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder. This report was funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts, with generous support from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation and Arnold Ventures. It is the latest report in Pew Research Center’s ongoing investigation of the state of news, information […]

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    2. What role does caste play?

    Many of the patterns described in this report vary by caste. In India, castes are hereditary social classes. Historically, the caste someone was born into determined their status in the social hierarchy, along with their social circle and what careers they could pursue. Caste also is tied to many family patterns – including sex selection. […]

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    Methodology

    Between Nov. 17, 2019, and March 23, 2020, Pew Research Center completed 29,999 face-to-face interviews with non-institutionalized adults ages 18 and older living in 26 states and three union territories across India. The sample includes interviews with 22,975 Hindus, 3,336 Muslims, 1,782 Sikhs, 1,011 Christians, 719 Buddhists and 109 Jains. An additional 67 respondents belong […]

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    2. Views on the afterlife

    Majorities of U.S. adults say they believe in heaven, hell Nearly three-quarters of U.S. adults say they believe in heaven. (The survey did not immediately offer a definition of heaven, though subsequent questions explored what respondents think heaven is like.) Large majorities of all Christian subgroups say they believe in heaven, while belief is much […]

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    1. Views on women’s place in society

    About a quarter of Indians (23%) say there is “a lot of discrimination” against women in their country. And 16% of Indian women reported that they personally had faced discrimination because of their gender in the 12 months before the 2019-2020 survey. In addition, three-quarters of adults see violence against women as a very big […]

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    2. Finding meaning in the bigger picture

    Outside of their personal relationships (and pets), many people in the 17 publics surveyed find meaning in their surroundings and the broader world around them, including society, the natural environment and spirituality. People’s own society, places and institutions – ranging from the specific area where they live to their government at large – appear within […]

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    Acknowledgments

    This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals. Find related reports online at pewresearch.org/pewresearch-org/religion. Primary Researcher Gregory A. Smith, Associate Director, Research Research Team         Alan Cooperman, Director of Religion Research Becka A. Alper, Senior Researcher Justin Nortey, Research Assistant Besheer Mohamed, Senior Researcher Claire Gecewicz, Research Associate […]

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    3. Gender roles in the family

    While most Indians say that men and women should share some family responsibilities, many still support traditional, patriarchal values. For example, a slim majority of Indians (54%) say that both the men and the women in a family should be responsible for earning money. But 43% instead take the view that men should be the […]

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