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    4. Restrictions on religion in the world’s 25 most populous countries in 2019

    CORRECTION (Dec. 19, 2025): One chart and some of the text in this chapter have been revised to correct the SHI scores for some countries. China is now described as experiencing a “modest” decrease rather than a “small” decrease in its SHI score between 2018 and 2019. Refer to the errata page for details. One way to […]

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    Acknowledgments

    This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals. Find related reports online at pewresearch.org/pewresearch-org/religion. Primary Researchers           Justin Nortey, Research Assistant Claire Gecewicz, Research Associate Research Team         Gregory A. Smith, Associate Director, Research Alan Cooperman, Director of Religion Research Becka A. Alper, Senior Researcher Besheer Mohamed, Senior Researcher […]

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    Methodology

    This is the 12th time Pew Research Center has measured restrictions on religion around the globe.[66. numoffset=”66″ See Methodology of Pew Research Center’s 2009 report “Global Restrictions on Religion” for a discussion of the conceptual basis for measuring restrictions on religion.] This report, which includes data for the year ending Dec. 31, 2019, generally follows the […]

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    Methodology

    This analysis is part of Pew Research Center’s most comprehensive, in-depth exploration of religion among Black Americans. Its centerpiece is a nationally representative survey of 8,660 Black adults (ages 18 and older), featuring questions designed to examine Black religious experiences. Responses were collected from Nov. 19, 2019, to June 3, 2020, but most respondents completed […]

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    Acknowledgments

    This report was produced by Pew Research Center as part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures project, which analyzes religious change and its impact on societies around the world. Funding for the Global Religious Futures project comes from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John Templeton Foundation. This report is a collaborative effort based on […]

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    1. In 2019, decline in number of countries with ‘very high’ government restrictions, social hostilities involving religion

    CORRECTION (Dec. 19, 2025): Two charts and some of the text in Chapter 1 have been corrected with updated SHI figures. Refer to the errata page for details.  Countries with the most extensive government restrictions on religion Government restrictions on religion vary from country to country, and some countries have much higher scores on the Government Restrictions […]

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