In India, head coverings are worn by most women, including roughly six-in-ten Hindus
In recent weeks, protests in India over Muslim headscarves in schools have gained international attention.
Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World
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India’s Sex Ratio at Birth Begins To Normalize
India’s artificially wide ratio of baby boys to baby girls – which arose in the 1970s from the use of prenatal diagnostic technology to facilitate sex-selective abortions – now appears to be narrowing. Son bias has declined sharply among Sikhs, while Christians continue to have a natural balance of sons and daughters.
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Sidebar: Involvement by religious groups in debates over climate change
Clergy and religious organizations have participated for decades in the environmental movement, contributing sermons on the sanctity of the Earth, sharing papal warnings about climate change, lobbying on behalf of renewable energy, and issuing interfaith declarations about preserving the planet for future generations. These efforts have helped introduce the language of morality and sin into […]
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3. Gender roles in the family
While most Indians say that men and women should share some family responsibilities, many still support traditional, patriarchal values. For example, a slim majority of Indians (54%) say that both the men and the women in a family should be responsible for earning money. But 43% instead take the view that men should be the […]
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About four-in-ten U.S. adults believe humanity is ‘living in the end times’
58% of U.S. adults say they do not believe “we are living in the end times” – the destruction of the world as we know it.
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What Makes Someone a Good Member of Society?
Most in advanced economies say voting, taking steps to reduce climate change and getting a COVID-19 vaccine are ways to be a good member of society; fewer say this about attending religious services.
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Methodology
Between Nov. 17, 2019, and March 23, 2020, Pew Research Center completed 29,999 face-to-face interviews with non-institutionalized adults ages 18 and older living in 26 states and three union territories across India. The sample includes interviews with 22,975 Hindus, 3,336 Muslims, 1,782 Sikhs, 1,011 Christians, 719 Buddhists and 109 Jains. An additional 67 respondents belong […]
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Key findings on Indian attitudes toward gender roles
Indians nearly universally say it is important for women to have the same rights as men, including eight-in-ten who say this is very important.
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1. Number of countries with ‘very high’ government restrictions falls for third straight year in 2020
CORRECTION (Dec. 19, 2025): Two charts and some of the text in Chapter 1 have been corrected with updated SHI figures for 2019. Refer to the errata page for details. Countries with the most extensive government restrictions All 198 countries and territories in the study had at least some government restrictions on religious activity in 2020, such […]
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How Indians View Gender Roles in Families and Society
Indians accept women as political leaders, but many favor traditional gender roles in family life.
