Believing in Spirits and Life After Death Is Common Around the World
Belief in an afterlife, God and spirits in nature is widespread globally. Older adults are more likely than younger adults to believe in God.
Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World
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Key facts about Black Americans and religion
Most Black Americans are Christian, though the share who identify as such has fallen since 2007.
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4. Islam among Asian Americans
About 6% of Asian Americans now say their religion is Islam. An additional 3% say they feel close to Islam for reasons such as family background or culture, rather than religion.[10. numoffset=”10″ For more on the difference between religious identity and religious affinity, read the Overview.] Some 13% of Indian Americans express a connection to […]
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Religious restrictions in the 25 most populous countries in 2023
India, Egypt, Pakistan, Iran and Indonesia ranked highest in overall levels of government restrictions on religion and social hostilities.
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Globally, Government Restrictions on Religion Reached Peak Levels in 2021, While Social Hostilities Went Down
In 2021, government restrictions on religion – laws, policies and actions by state officials that limit religious beliefs and practices – reached a new peak globally. Harassment of religious groups and interference in worship were two of the most common forms of government restrictions worldwide that year.
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Striking findings from 2025
Here’s a look back at 2025 through 12 of our most striking research findings.
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1. Number of countries with ‘very high’ government restrictions stays level in 2021
Government restrictions on religion All 198 countries and territories in our study had at least some level of government restrictions or regulations related to religious activity reported in 2021. However, the severity of the restrictions and the extent to which governments enforced them varied from one place to another. The differences are reflected in each […]
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Religion Holds Steady in America
Analysis of our polls and other data shows no clear evidence of a religious revival among young adults. Read more about religiousness by age and gender.
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Appendix A: National identity index
We created a scale to examine how the boundaries of national identity are viewed at a country level. The index combines responses for the four dimensions of national identity included in the survey: being born in the country, being able to speak the country’s most common language, sharing the nation’s customs and traditions, and being […]
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2. Number of countries where religious groups were harassed reached new peak level in 2022
In 2022, governments and/or social actors harassed religious groups in 192 countries and territories out of the 198 analyzed – two more than 2021.