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    IV. Changes in the Composition of Immigrant Flows

    Different types of immigrants (grouped for example by legal status, country of origin or racial/ethnic composition) tended to have similar patterns of change through the upward trend and the subsequent downturn. However, some experienced different trends and certainly not all groups changed at the same rate. Consequently, the changing levels of immigration over the past […]

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    VII. Measurement Methods

    Problems with Existing Measures Although there have been occasions in the past when immigration has been higher in relation to the size of the country’s population, the number of immigrants coming to the United States has reached unprecedented levels in each of the last three decades (Figure 8). Accurate measurement of immigration is important for […]

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    II. Introduction

    The number of immigrants living in the United States has been increasing steadily since 1970 as measured by the size of the foreign-born population in decennial censuses. Fueled primarily by immigration from Latin America—especially Mexico—and Asia, the foreign-born population grew from 9.6 million in 1970 to 19.8 million in 1990. In the last decade of […]

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    III. The Migration Flow Peaked in 1999–2000

    At the start of the 1990s, immigration flows had reached historically high levels of more than a million people a year. (See Detailed Table 4 and Figures 8–9.) In the early and middle parts of the 1990s, the annual numbers held relatively steady at around 1.1 million people a year. Depending on the measure used, […]

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    VIII. Immigration Measures from the Census, ACS and CPS

    Our goal of measuring trends and patterns in annual immigration—specifically in the number of foreign-born persons coming to the United States in a given year with the intention of living in the country—and its characteristics thus requires expansion of the data and methods brought to bear on the problem. In assessing immigration levels and trends, […]

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    V. Schooling Difficulties Abroad Persist in America

    More than four out of five dropouts are recently arrived, and an important explanation can be found in the schooling they received abroad. In the voluminous literature on high school dropout behavior it is well established that a strong predictor of being out of school is earlier schooling difficulties. Youths who have previously dropped out […]

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    VI. The Characteristics of Foreign-Born Teen Populations

    Recent arrivals with interrupted education abroad have characteristics different from other foreign-born youths. These differences likely explain some of the very high dropout rate among recent arrivals who had schooling problems before migration. The characteristics of youths with schooling difficulties before migration are also consistent with the view that many of these youths are labor […]

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    VI. Mexico-U.S. Migration and Related Factors

    The pattern of rise, peak and decline evident in total immigration flows coincides closely with a similar pattern in the performance of the U.S. economy, and the correlation is particularly strong with the flow from Mexico. During the period of increased migration prior to the peak, U.S. employment increased by 1.59 million in 1993, the […]

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    Opinion Leaders Turn Cautious, Public Looks Homeward

    Introduction and Summary Preoccupied with war abroad and growing problems at home, U.S. opinion leaders and the general public are taking a decidedly cautious view of America’s place in the world. Over the past four years, opinion leaders have become less supportive of the United States playing a “first among equals” role among the world’s […]