Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

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    Key facts about the U.S. national debt

    Private investors are the biggest holders of national debt – $24.4 trillion as of March 2025 – followed by federal trust funds and retirement programs.

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    Methodology

    Much of the data in this essay is drawn from the Religious Landscape Study (RLS). We also draw upon data collected from surveys conducted on Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP) and data from the General Social Survey (GSS). We walk through the details of these data sources below. We also discuss how we […]

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    1. Views of China and Xi Jinping

    Across the 35 countries we surveyed, more have unfavorable views of China than favorable ones. The same is true when it comes to Chinese President Xi Jinping: People mostly lack confidence in him to do the right thing regarding world affairs. But opinions vary widely across regions and across levels of economic development. For example, […]

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    How the Pandemic Has Affected Attendance at U.S. Religious Services

    During the pandemic, a stable share of U.S. adults have been participating in religious services in some way – either virtually or in person – but in-person attendance is slightly lower than it was before COVID-19. Among Americans surveyed across several years, the vast majority described their attendance habits in roughly the same way in both 2019 and 2022.

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    2. Americans’ views of government aid to poor, role in health care and Social Security

    Majorities of Americans see a role for government on several safety net issues. Views on the effect of government aid to the poor A majority of Americans (55%) say that, overall, government aid to the poor does more good than harm, while about four-in-ten (43%) say it does more harm than good. Republicans and Republican-leaning […]

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    2. Income

    In arguing for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, James Madison wrote in the Federalist Papers that “the most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property.” Because the study of public opinion is often the study of the political factions in society, polls need to be able […]

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