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    Key facts about the U.S. national debt

    Private investors are the biggest holders of national debt – $24.4 trillion as of March 2025 – followed by federal trust funds and retirement programs.

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    5. Islam

    The vast majority of Chinese Muslim adults come from 10 ethnic minority groups that traditionally practice Islam, the two largest being the Hui people and the Uyghur people. Most of China’s Muslims live in the country’s northwestern region, particularly in the areas of Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang. Because there is heavy overlap between religion […]

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    Methodology

    This report relies primarily on data from seven waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (between 2010-21) and four waves of data from the China Family Panel Studies (between 2012-18) to discuss China’s religious landscape and how it has changed in recent years. Additionally, some analysis uses the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (between 2012-14), World […]

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    3. Buddhism

    Buddhism (Fojiao 佛教) is the largest officially recognized religion in China. The share of Buddhists in China ranges from 4% to 33%, depending on the measure used and whether it is based on surveys that ask about formal affiliation with Buddhism or beliefs and practices associated with Buddhism. The share of Chinese adults who formally […]

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    4. Indians’ views of other countries

    Indians were also asked to evaluate the influence of six other countries. Of the countries asked about, the U.S. is most likely to be seen as having become more influential, with about half of Indians saying they see the United States’ influence in the world in recent years getting stronger. In contrast, 14% say that […]

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    Methodology

    About Pew Research Center’s Spring 2025 Global Attitudes Survey Results for the survey are based on a mix of telephone, face-to-face and online interviews conducted under the direction of Gallup, Langer Research Associates and Social Research Centre. The results are based on national samples, unless otherwise noted. Read more about our international survey methodology and country-specific […]

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    1. Chinese Americans’ views of China and other places

    Chinese Americans view the United States more favorably than any other place asked about in the survey.[5. numoffset=”5″ In this report, Chinese adults include those who report being Chinese, either alone or in combination with a non-Asian race or ethnicity. Chinese adults do not include those who self-identify as Taiwanese. For more on how we […]