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Search results for: “caliphate”

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    1. Conflicts in Syria, Iraq and Yemen lead to millions of displaced migrants in the Middle East since 2005

    Between 2005 and 2015, the number of displaced migrants[3. numoffset=”3″ Displaced migrants are persons who have been forcibly displaced from their homes due to conflict or natural disaster. Displaced migrants can include internal migrants (internally displaced persons) or international migrants (refugees and asylum seekers).] in the Middle East grew fourfold, from about 5 million to about […]

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    Trends in Global Restrictions on Religion

    Worldwide, both government restrictions on religion and social hostilities involving religion decreased modestly from 2013 to 2014 despite a rise in religion-related terrorism, according to Pew Research Center’s latest annual study on global restrictions on religion.[1. This is the fourth time Pew Research Center has analyzed restrictions on religion in a calendar year. Earlier reports […]

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    6. Muslim and Christian beliefs and practices

    Overall, most Muslims in Israel say they adhere to core tenets of their faith. For example, more than three-quarters of Muslims (83%) say they fast during the holy month of Ramadan, and roughly two-thirds say they give zakat (an annual donation of a percentage of one’s wealth to the needy or to a mosque). Christians […]

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    Concerns about Islamic Extremism on the Rise in Middle East

    As well-publicized bouts of violence, from civil war to suicide bombings, plague the Middle East, Africa and South Asia, concern about Islamic extremism is high among countries with substantial Muslim populations, according to a new survey by the Pew Research Center. And in the Middle East, concern is growing. Lebanese, Tunisians, Egyptians, Jordanians and Turks […]

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    Muslim holiday of Ashura brings into focus Shia-Sunni differences

    Each year, millions of Shia pilgrims visit the shrine of one of their most revered figures – Hussein, the Prophet Muhammad’s grandson. While Ashura is sacred for all Muslims, it is especially important to Shias, illustrating some of the differences between Shia and Sunni Muslims.

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    Appendix B: Glossary

    Ahmadi or Ahmadiyya A religious movement that emerged in late 19th-century India around Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835-1908), whose followers believe he was a mujaddid (reformer) who showed the way to revive and restore Islam. Alawite or Alawi A sect of Shia Islam centered in Syria that highly venerates Ali, the son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, […]

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    Appendix II: Glossary

    Ayatollah Title given to a senior-ranking Shiite religious scholar. Caliphate The line of the Prophet Muhammad’s successors as the temporal and spiritual leaders of Islam after his death in the 7th century. The caliphate existed in one form or another from 632 until 1924, when the Ottoman caliphate officially ended. Cemaat Turkish variation of Arabic […]

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    Radical Islamist Movements: Jihadi Networks and Hizb ut-Tahrir

    Islamic radicalism in Western Europe is generally associated with networks and cells affiliated with global jihadi organizations, such as al-Qaeda, whose ideology calls for the violent pursuit of a global Islamic political order. By most accounts, support for radical extremist groups is relatively low among Muslims in Europe.[1. numoffset=”27″ See, for example, “The Great Divide: […]

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