This data essay was written by Ziyao Tian, research associate, Mark Hugo Lopez, director of race and ethnicity research, Jeffrey Passel, senior demographer, and Jens Manuel Krogstad, former senior writer/editor.
The essay and the accompanying digital features were produced by Sara Atske, digital producer. Nick Zanetti, associate engineer, built the essay’s interactivity. John Carlo Mandapat, information graphics designer, Christopher Baronavski, lead engineer – editorial content, and Kelly Browning, Manager, user experience, provided digital guidance on and production of the essay features.
The communications and outreach strategy for the data essay, as well as editorial advice on all accompanying research products, was provided by Tanya Arditi, senior communications manager, with help from Mithila Samak, communications associate.
Many individuals contributed to this study’s design, data collection and methodology. Tian, Lopez and Krogstad led the development of the survey questions. The survey research component benefited greatly from the guidance of the Pew Research Center methodology team: Dorene Asare-Marfo, senior panel manager, Dana Popky, associate panel manager, and Arnold Lau, research methodologist. Gracie Martinez and Alexandra Cahn, research assistants, Keidy Palma-Ramirez, former intern, and Tian conducted the coding of the open-ended question on respondents’ attitudes toward the federal government asking about race in its surveys. Research analyst Carolyne Im provided support for the open-end coding.
Editorial guidance was provided by Sahana Mukherjee, associate director of race and ethnicity research; Juliana Horowitz, senior associate director, social and demographic trends research; Ashley Amaya, associate director, survey methods; Anna Brown, research methodologist; and Neha Sahgal, vice president, research.
The essay was number checked by Asta Kallo, research assistant, and Im. David Kent, senior editorial specialist, copy edited the essay.
