Women in 56 countries experienced social hostilities due to clothing that was deemed to violate religious or secular dress norms.
In some countries – particularly in a segment of West and Central Africa – polygamy is frequently legal and widespread.
In 2018, the global median level of government restrictions on religion – that is, laws, policies and actions by officials that impinge on religious beliefs and practices – continued to climb, reaching an all-time high since Pew Research Center began tracking these trends in 2007.
Over the centuries, the relationship between science and religion has ranged from conflict and hostility to harmony and collaboration, while various thinkers have argued that the two concepts are inherently at odds and entirely separate.
Over the centuries, the relationship between science and religion has ranged from conflict and hostility to harmony and collaboration. Insights from in-depth interviews with Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists highlight the distinct ways people think about science and religion and where tensions arise between the two.
A median of 45% across 34 surveyed countries say it is necessary to believe in God to be moral and have good values. However, public opinion on this question, as well as the role of God, prayer and religion varies by country, region and economic development.
President Trump has called himself a defender of religious liberty. But how do Americans see his administration’s effect on religious groups?
We've distilled key findings from our data into four email mini-lessons to help people develop a better understanding of Muslims and Islam.
Test your knowledge of Muslims and Islam by taking our 12-question quiz.
Globally, Muslims live in the biggest households, followed by Hindus, Christians, Buddhists, Jews and the religiously unaffiliated.
