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    Methodology

    2025 National Public Opinion Reference Survey methodology Summary SSRS conducted the National Public Opinion Reference Survey (NPORS) for Pew Research Center using address-based sampling and a multimode protocol. The survey was fielded from Feb. 5, 2025, to June 18, 2025. Participants were first mailed an invitation to complete an online survey. A paper survey was […]

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    Appendix A: Classifying European political parties

    Classifying parties as populist Although experts generally agree that populist political leaders or parties display high levels of anti-elitism, definitions of populism vary. We use three measures to classify populist parties: anti-elite ratings from the 2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES), Norris’ Global Party Survey and The PopuList. We define a party as populist when […]

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    Key facts about local news

    ☀️ Happy Thursday! The Briefing is your guide to the world of news and information. Sign up here! In today’s email: 🔥 Featured story After unseating Viktor Orbán as Hungary’s prime minister with an election victory this week, Péter Magyar vowed to suspend the country’s state-run media as part of wider anti-corruption efforts. Orbán’s right-wing Fidesz party […]

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    Methodology

    The American Trends Panel survey methodology Overview Data in this report comes from Wave 181 of the American Trends Panel (ATP), Pew Research Center’s nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S. adults. The survey was conducted from Oct. 6 to Oct. 16, 2025. A total of 8,046 panelists responded out of 12,845 who were sampled, […]

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    Methodology

    The Religious Landscape Study is a nationally representative survey conducted among 36,908 U.S. adults, designed to produce reliable state and national estimates on Americans’ religious identities, beliefs and practices. Pew Research Center.

  • report

    Methodology

    The American Trends Panel survey methodology Overview Data in this report comes from Wave 188 of the American Trends Panel (ATP), Pew Research Center’s nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S. adults. The survey was conducted March 2-15, 2026, among a sample of panelists who indicated that they work either full time or part time […]

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    Methodology

    About Pew Research Center’s Spring 2024 Global Attitudes Survey Results for the survey are based on telephone, face-to-face and online interviews conducted under the direction of Gallup, Langer Research Associates, Social Research Centre and Verian. The results are based on national samples, unless otherwise noted. Here are more details about our international survey methodology and […]

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    Appendix B: Classifying European political parties

    Classifying parties as populist Although experts generally agree that populist political leaders or parties display high levels of anti-elitism, definitions of populism vary. We use three measures to classify parties as populist: anti-elite ratings from the 2024 Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES), the 2023 Populism and Political Parties Expert Survey (POPPA) and the 2023 PopuList. […]

  • report

    Appendix B: Classifying European political parties

    Classifying parties as populist Although experts generally agree that populist political leaders or parties display high levels of anti-elitism, definitions of populism vary. We use three measures to classify parties as populist: anti-elite ratings from the 2024 Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES), the 2023 Populism and Political Parties Expert Survey (POPPA) and the 2023 PopuList. […]