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    Methodology

    2025 National Public Opinion Reference Survey methodology Summary SSRS conducted the National Public Opinion Reference Survey (NPORS) for Pew Research Center using address-based sampling and a multimode protocol. The survey was fielded from Feb. 5, 2025, to June 18, 2025. Participants were first mailed an invitation to complete an online survey. A paper survey was […]

  • report

    1. Religious identity

    Christians’ share among U.S. adults has fallen across demographic groups since 2007, but there has been overall stability in religious makeup since 2020. Religious Landscape Study by Pew Research Center.

  • report

    Appendix A: Classifying European political parties

    Classifying parties as populist Although experts generally agree that populist political leaders or parties display high levels of anti-elitism, definitions of populism vary. We use three measures to classify populist parties: anti-elite ratings from the 2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES), Norris’ Global Party Survey and The PopuList. We define a party as populist when […]

  • report

    How Pew Research Center Uses Its National Public Opinion Reference Survey (NPORS)

    In 2020, Pew Research Center launched a new project called the National Public Opinion Reference Survey (NPORS). NPORS is an annual, cross-sectional survey of U.S. adults. Respondents can answer either by paper or online, and they are selected using address-based sampling from the United States Postal Service’s computerized delivery sequence file.

  • report

    3. Americans’ feelings about the state of the nation, reactions to the 2024 election

    As has been the case for nearly two decades, a majority of Americans are expressing dissatisfaction with the current state of the nation. Today, 29% of Americans say they are satisfied with the way things are going in the country, while 70% of Americans say they are dissatisfied. While overall public satisfaction has risen since […]

  • report

    Methodology

    The American Trends Panel survey methodology Overview Data in this report comes from Wave 176 of the American Trends Panel (ATP), Pew Research Center’s nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S. adults. The survey was conducted Aug. 4-10, 2025. A total of 3,554 panelists responded out of 3,784 who were sampled, for a survey-level response […]

  • short reads

    How religious is your state?

    Explore our interactive database to find how religious adults are in your state based on service attendance, prayer, belief in God, and importance of religion.

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