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    Acknowledgments

    This report was made possible by The Pew Charitable Trusts, which received support from the Arthur Vining Davis Foundations. It was a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals. Find related reports online at pewresearch.org/pewresearch-org/religion. Research Team         Becka A. Alper, Senior Researcher   Alan Cooperman, Director, Religion ResearchGregory A. Smith, Associate Director, […]

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    4. Restrictions in the 25 most populous countries

    CORRECTION (Dec. 19, 2025): Some of the text in Chapter 4 has been corrected with updated SHI figures for 2019. Germany is now described as experiencing a “modest decrease,” rather than a “large decline,” in its SHI score between 2019 and 2020. Refer to the errata page for details. More than 5 billion people – almost three-quarters of […]

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    Chip Rotolo

    Chip Rotolo is a senior researcher on Pew Research Center’s Religion and Public Life team. His research explores religious identities, beliefs and practices in the United States with a particular focus on religion’s role in American society. He has worked on surveys examining views about America as a Christian nation, how Americans perceive the importance of religion […]

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    4. Emotions, news and knowledge about the Israel-Hamas war

    Most Americans report having strong emotional reactions to the Israel-Hamas war. Yet, for the most part, Americans are not paying very close attention to news about the conflict. One sign of this limited attention is that only about half of U.S. adults can correctly answer a question that tests their factual knowledge by asking whether […]

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    What Can Improve Democracy?

    Amid growing discontent with the state of democracy globally, we asked over 30,000 people what changes would make their democracy work better.