Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

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    1. Attitudes toward different types of government systems

    Respondents in 24 countries were asked about different forms of governance, including representative democracy, direct democracy, autocracy, technocracy and military rule. Views on representative democracy Elements of representative democracy are present in each of the countries surveyed. And although many express dissatisfaction with the way democracy is working in their country, majorities in all of […]

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    Methodology 

    Pew Research Center has a long history of conducting surveys that examine the views of American voters. This analysis of Black voters’ views on political party affiliation, policy priorities and 2024 presidential candidates relies on data from four of these studies. Study 1: U.S. adults’ views on domestic policy priorities  The first was conducted among […]

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    2. Government reform, special interests and the media

    Though political systems vary across the 24 countries surveyed,[1. The 24 countries surveyed include parliamentary republics, presidential republics, constitutional monarchies, federal republics and semi-presidential republics.] citizens in each call for similarly broad changes to government rules and norms. In most countries surveyed, government reform – including calls for transparency, term limits and adjusting the balance […]

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    1. Politicians, changing leadership and political parties

    In the vast majority of the 24 countries surveyed, politicians are the most common subject of proposals to improve democracy. Some call for different types of people to enter the political arena, while others simply want their current politicians to perform better. Many want their leaders to pay closer attention to and respond more appropriately […]

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    Methodology

    The American Trends Panel survey methodology Overview Data in this report comes from Wave 180 of the American Trends Panel (ATP), Pew Research Center’s nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S. adults. The survey was conducted from Sept. 22 to Sept. 28, 2025. A total of 3,445 panelists responded out of 3,926 who were sampled, […]

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    Appendix C: Classifying European political parties

    Classifying parties as populist Although experts generally agree that populist political leaders or parties display high levels of anti-elitism, definitions of populism vary. We use three measures to classify populist parties: anti-elite ratings from the 2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES), Norris’ Global Party Survey and The PopuList. We define a party as populist when […]

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