5 facts about Arabic speakers in the U.S.
The number of people ages 5 and older who speak Arabic at home in the U.S. has risen from 215,000 in 1980 to 1.4 million in 2021.
Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World
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data essay
Key Findings From the Global Religious Futures Project
The Global Religious Futures (GRF) project is jointly funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts and The John Templeton Foundation. Here are some big-picture findings from the GRF, together with context from other Pew Research Center studies.
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4. Restrictions on religion in the world’s 25 most populous countries in 2019
CORRECTION (Dec. 19, 2025): One chart and some of the text in this chapter have been revised to correct the SHI scores for some countries. China is now described as experiencing a “modest” decrease rather than a “small” decrease in its SHI score between 2018 and 2019. Refer to the errata page for details. One way to […]
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short reads
Key findings about restrictions on religion around the world in 2019
Social hostilities around the world involving religion declined in 2019 to the lowest level in five years.
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3. Median index scores for government restrictions, social hostilities involving religion declined or remained stable in most regions in 2019
CORRECTION (Dec. 19, 2025): Two charts and some of the text in this chapter have been revised to correct the SHI median scores for the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, and the Middle East-North Africa region, and to revise Norway’s SHI category. The median scores changed by 0.1 point for each of these three regions. Refer to the errata […]
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How COVID-19 Restrictions Affected Religious Groups Around the World in 2020
Nearly a quarter of countries used force to prevent religious gatherings during the pandemic; other government restrictions and social hostilities related to religion remained fairly stable.
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short reads
41 countries ban religion-related groups; Jehovah’s Witnesses, Baha’is among the most commonly targeted
Around a fifth (21%) of the 198 countries evaluated banned at least one religion-related group in 2019, our analysis found.
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data essay
How Young Adults Want Their Country To Engage With the World
Though younger people tend to be more internationally oriented than older adults, they differ from one another over how they want their country to engage with the world.
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Globally, Social Hostilities Related to Religion Decline in 2019, While Government Restrictions Remain at Highest Levels
Social hostilities involving religion, including violence and harassment against religious groups by private individuals and groups, declined in 2019, according to Pew Research Center’s 12th annual study of global restrictions on religion, which examines 198 countries and territories.
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1. In 2019, decline in number of countries with ‘very high’ government restrictions, social hostilities involving religion
CORRECTION (Dec. 19, 2025): Two charts and some of the text in Chapter 1 have been corrected with updated SHI figures. Refer to the errata page for details. Countries with the most extensive government restrictions on religion Government restrictions on religion vary from country to country, and some countries have much higher scores on the Government Restrictions […]