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    7. ‘Other religions’ population change

    Baha’is, Jains, Sikhs, Daoists and other groups that Pew Research Center classified as “other religions” combined – grew globally by 12% from 2010 to 2020.

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    6. Religious diversity and national identity

    Many people throughout the countries surveyed – including all major religious groups – express a general acceptance of religious diversity. For example, large majorities in each country say they would accept followers of other religions as their neighbors. Most people across the region also describe other religions as peaceful and as compatible with their national […]

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    Methodology

    This report relies primarily on data from seven waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (between 2010-21) and four waves of data from the China Family Panel Studies (between 2012-18) to discuss China’s religious landscape and how it has changed in recent years. Additionally, some analysis uses the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (between 2012-14), World […]

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    3. Views on the importance of birthplace to national identity

    On balance, respondents tend to see being born in their country as an important part of national identity. However, views vary widely across the 23 countries surveyed. Majorities in just over half of the countries consider being born there meaningful to national identity. Sentiments in Indonesia, Kenya and Mexico are especially strong, with around nine-in-ten […]

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    5. Funeral practices and beliefs about the afterlife

    As is the case in many world religions, rituals around death are a key part of religious practice for multiple groups in the region. In most countries surveyed, when people are asked to consider planning a loved one’s funeral, they place great importance on religious elements. For example, 72% of Indonesians say inviting an imam […]

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    Methodology

    About Pew Research Center’s Spring 2024 Global Attitudes Survey Results for the survey are based on telephone, face-to-face and online interviews conducted under the direction of Gallup, Langer Research Associates, Social Research Centre and Verian. The results are based on national samples, unless otherwise noted. Here are more details about our international survey methodology and country-specific […]

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    Buddhism, Islam and Religious Pluralism in South and Southeast Asia

    In Thailand, Cambodia and Sri Lanka, more than 90% of Buddhists see strong links between their religion and country. In the neighboring countries of Malaysia and Indonesia, nearly all Muslims say being Muslim is important to being truly part of their nation.

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    Language and Traditions Are Considered Central to National Identity

    Across more than 20 countries surveyed, a median of 91% say being able to speak their country’s most common language is important for being considered a true national. And 81% say sharing their country’s customs and traditions is important for true belonging.

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