Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

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    2. Views on the afterlife

    Majorities of U.S. adults say they believe in heaven, hell Nearly three-quarters of U.S. adults say they believe in heaven. (The survey did not immediately offer a definition of heaven, though subsequent questions explored what respondents think heaven is like.) Large majorities of all Christian subgroups say they believe in heaven, while belief is much […]

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    8. Outsider Left

    Note: For a new and fully revised version of Pew Research Center’s political typology (published June 2026), read “Beyond Red vs. Blue: The 2026 Political Typology.” Outsider Left are the youngest typology group, making up 10% of the public. Holding liberal views on most issues and overwhelmingly voting Democratic, they aren’t particularly enamored with the Democratic […]

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    About this canvassing of experts

    This report shares the second of two sets of results emerging from a series of questions posed in the 13th “Future of the Internet” canvassing by Pew Research Center and Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center. The first report covered expert responses to the question of whether online spaces can be improved by 2035. In […]

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    1. In 2019, decline in number of countries with ‘very high’ government restrictions, social hostilities involving religion

    CORRECTION (Dec. 19, 2025): Two charts and some of the text in Chapter 1 have been corrected with updated SHI figures. Refer to the errata page for details.  Countries with the most extensive government restrictions on religion Government restrictions on religion vary from country to country, and some countries have much higher scores on the Government Restrictions […]

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    1. Population growth and religious composition

    India’s population has more than tripled in the six decades following Partition, from 361 million (36.1 crore) people in the 1951 census to more than 1.2 billion (120 crore) in 2011. As of 2020, India gains roughly 1 million (10 lakh) inhabitants each month, putting it on course to surpass China as the world’s most […]

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    Beyond Red vs. Blue: The Political Typology

    Pew Research Center’s political typology provides a roadmap to today’s fractured political landscape. It organizes the public into nine distinct groups, based on an analysis of their attitudes and values. Even in a polarized era, the 2021 survey reveals deep divisions in both partisan coalitions.