Classifying parties as populist Although experts generally agree that populist political leaders or parties display high levels of anti-elitism, definitions of populism vary. We use three measures to classify populist parties: anti-elite ratings from the 2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES), Norris’ Global Party Survey and The PopuList. We define a party as populist when […]
Highly religious Americans are less likely than less religiously engaged adults to think the government should help people in need more. Religious Landscape Study by Pew Research Center.
Americans are split over whether religion and science are compatible or in conflict. But more see science as beneficial than as harmful for society. Religious Landscape Study by Pew Research Center.
Note: An earlier version of the report used the phrase “racial conspiracy theories” to describe a complex and sensitive set of findings. We previously defined racial conspiracy theories as the suspicions that Black adults might have about the actions of U.S. institutions based on their personal and collective historical experiences with racial discrimination. For editorial […]
About Pew Research Center’s Spring 2023 Global Attitudes Survey Results for the survey are based on telephone, face-to-face and online interviews conducted under the direction of Gallup, Kantar Public, Langer Research Associates and Social Research Centre. The results are based on national samples, unless otherwise noted. More details about our international survey methodology and country-specific […]