Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by religious group
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who …in hell
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Religious tradition
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Catholic
67%
26%
7%
3,398
Evangelical Protestant
84%
10%
7%
4,997
Historically Black Protestant
83%
11%
6%
502
Jewish
36%
59%
5%
228
Mainline Protestant
67%
24%
9%
2,822
Mormon
65%
28%
7%
418
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
33%
59%
9%
2,566
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who are ages…
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Belief in Hell
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Believe
19%
35%
28%
18%
9,845
Don't believe
24%
34%
24%
18%
4,212
Other/don't know
14%
33%
30%
23%
1,224
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who are…
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Belief in Hell
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Believe
12%
13%
29%
33%
12%
1%
9,845
Don't believe
15%
15%
28%
29%
12%
1%
4,212
Other/don't know
7%
11%
28%
35%
17%
1%
1,224
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who are…
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Belief in Hell
Men
Women
Sample size
Believe
51%
49%
10,022
Don't believe
55%
45%
4,290
Other/don't know
51%
49%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who identify as…
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Belief in Hell
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Believe
73%
8%
3%
13%
3%
9,903
Don't believe
73%
5%
5%
14%
3%
4,225
Other/don't know
74%
7%
4%
12%
4%
1,227
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who are…
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Belief in Hell
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Believe
11%
8%
80%
9,908
Don't believe
15%
12%
73%
4,249
Other/don't know
13%
9%
78%
1,254
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who have a household income of…
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Belief in Hell
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Believe
28%
22%
31%
19%
8,729
Don't believe
25%
20%
31%
24%
3,766
Other/don't know
27%
20%
32%
21%
1,023
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who have completed…
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Belief in Hell
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Believe
43%
34%
16%
7%
9,973
Don't believe
40%
31%
18%
11%
4,272
Other/don't know
36%
35%
18%
11%
1,269
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who are…
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Belief in Hell
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Believe
57%
5%
11%
6%
20%
9,986
Don't believe
50%
8%
11%
6%
25%
4,265
Other/don't know
57%
6%
11%
7%
18%
1,260
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who are…
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Belief in Hell
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Believe
31%
69%
9,985
Don't believe
27%
73%
4,278
Other/don't know
26%
74%
1,264
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who say they…
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Belief in Hell
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Believe
80%
16%
2%
< 1%
1%
< 1%
10,022
Don't believe
43%
25%
9%
1%
20%
3%
4,290
Other/don't know
61%
22%
5%
2%
2%
8%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who say religion is…
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Belief in Hell
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
69%
24%
5%
2%
< 1%
10,022
Don't believe
31%
27%
19%
23%
< 1%
4,290
Other/don't know
52%
26%
11%
8%
3%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who attend religious services…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
48%
34%
18%
< 1%
10,022
Don't believe
20%
33%
47%
< 1%
4,290
Other/don't know
35%
32%
31%
2%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who pray…
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Belief in Hell
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
69%
16%
5%
9%
< 1%
10,022
Don't believe
35%
15%
7%
42%
< 1%
4,290
Other/don't know
54%
17%
5%
21%
4%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who attend prayer group…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
33%
12%
10%
45%
< 1%
10,022
Don't believe
13%
6%
6%
76%
< 1%
4,290
Other/don't know
24%
7%
6%
61%
2%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who meditate…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
42%
8%
4%
46%
2%
10,022
Don't believe
32%
8%
4%
54%
1%
4,290
Other/don't know
39%
7%
4%
45%
5%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
66%
15%
9%
10%
1%
10,022
Don't believe
48%
15%
10%
25%
1%
4,290
Other/don't know
58%
12%
9%
17%
3%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
43%
16%
12%
27%
2%
10,022
Don't believe
44%
15%
13%
27%
1%
4,290
Other/don't know
44%
16%
12%
24%
4%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Belief in Hell
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
48%
6%
40%
5%
2%
10,022
Don't believe
17%
12%
58%
12%
1%
4,290
Other/don't know
33%
9%
47%
6%
4%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who say…
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Belief in Hell
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
48%
49%
1%
1%
10,022
Don't believe
31%
67%
1%
1%
4,290
Other/don't know
41%
56%
2%
2%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who read scripture…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
47%
12%
9%
33%
1%
10,022
Don't believe
20%
7%
7%
66%
1%
4,290
Other/don't know
35%
10%
8%
45%
2%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who say the holy scripture is…
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Belief in Hell
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
44%
34%
3%
13%
5%
10,022
Don't believe
13%
22%
1%
57%
6%
4,290
Other/don't know
27%
23%
5%
28%
16%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who …in heaven
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
95%
2%
3%
10,022
Don't believe
43%
51%
6%
4,290
Other/don't know
47%
4%
49%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who identify as…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Believe
61%
15%
24%
10,022
Don't believe
50%
21%
29%
4,290
Other/don't know
55%
23%
22%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who are…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
57%
27%
11%
5%
10,022
Don't believe
36%
38%
18%
7%
4,290
Other/don't know
53%
27%
11%
9%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who would rather have…
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Belief in Hell
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
73%
24%
2%
2%
10,022
Don't believe
73%
23%
2%
2%
4,290
Other/don't know
74%
19%
2%
4%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who say abortion should be…
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Belief in Hell
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
36%
61%
3%
10,022
Don't believe
63%
33%
4%
4,290
Other/don't know
42%
50%
8%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who say homosexuality…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
46%
48%
4%
3%
10,022
Don't believe
72%
22%
4%
2%
4,290
Other/don't know
50%
36%
7%
7%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who …same-sex marriage
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
34%
59%
7%
10,022
Don't believe
62%
29%
8%
4,290
Other/don't know
39%
47%
15%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who say…
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
55%
41%
2%
2%
10,022
Don't believe
46%
50%
2%
2%
4,290
Other/don't know
54%
36%
4%
6%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good by belief in hell
% of adults who say that government aid to the poor does more harm than good who say humans…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
17%
28%
2%
48%
4%
10,022
Don't believe
48%
20%
4%
25%
3%
4,290
Other/don't know
26%
21%
8%
36%
9%
1,279
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.