Age distribution among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who are ages…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Immigrants
31%
47%
16%
6%
798
Second generation
52%
26%
12%
10%
833
Third generation or higher
32%
37%
21%
9%
5,700
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Immigrants
18%
24%
36%
18%
4%
< 1%
798
Second generation
40%
18%
20%
15%
6%
1%
833
Third generation or higher
20%
22%
28%
25%
5%
< 1%
5,700
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Men
Women
Sample size
Immigrants
55%
45%
810
Second generation
58%
42%
845
Third generation or higher
57%
43%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who identify as…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Immigrants
28%
6%
22%
42%
2%
796
Second generation
44%
5%
13%
32%
5%
830
Third generation or higher
80%
10%
1%
5%
5%
5,693
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who have a household income of…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Immigrants
39%
19%
18%
24%
704
Second generation
32%
19%
26%
23%
756
Third generation or higher
32%
21%
27%
20%
5,244
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who have completed…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Immigrants
42%
23%
19%
16%
805
Second generation
33%
37%
19%
11%
844
Third generation or higher
38%
33%
18%
10%
5,770
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Immigrants
41%
12%
12%
2%
34%
805
Second generation
28%
9%
6%
3%
55%
839
Third generation or higher
38%
12%
12%
3%
34%
5,763
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Immigrants
34%
66%
807
Second generation
17%
83%
844
Third generation or higher
26%
74%
5,762
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who say they…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Immigrants
28%
23%
12%
1%
32%
5%
810
Second generation
21%
18%
15%
1%
40%
5%
845
Third generation or higher
27%
23%
11%
1%
33%
6%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who say religion is…
Chart
Table
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Immigrant status
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
21%
20%
24%
35%
1%
810
Second generation
8%
21%
28%
41%
2%
845
Third generation or higher
12%
22%
26%
39%
1%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who attend religious services…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
6%
29%
65%
< 1%
810
Second generation
3%
26%
70%
< 1%
845
Third generation or higher
4%
23%
73%
< 1%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who pray…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
25%
10%
8%
56%
1%
810
Second generation
15%
9%
7%
69%
1%
845
Third generation or higher
19%
11%
6%
62%
< 1%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who attend prayer group…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
8%
7%
7%
78%
< 1%
810
Second generation
2%
3%
3%
91%
< 1%
845
Third generation or higher
4%
3%
3%
90%
< 1%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who meditate…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
33%
11%
5%
48%
3%
810
Second generation
25%
11%
5%
59%
1%
845
Third generation or higher
25%
9%
5%
60%
1%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
44%
14%
15%
24%
3%
810
Second generation
40%
16%
10%
33%
2%
845
Third generation or higher
39%
16%
10%
33%
2%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
39%
18%
18%
24%
2%
810
Second generation
50%
15%
12%
22%
1%
845
Third generation or higher
47%
16%
11%
25%
1%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
10%
18%
44%
26%
2%
810
Second generation
4%
23%
53%
18%
2%
845
Third generation or higher
7%
17%
60%
15%
2%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who say…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
21%
76%
1%
2%
810
Second generation
17%
81%
1%
1%
845
Third generation or higher
21%
77%
1%
1%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who read scripture…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
14%
7%
7%
71%
1%
810
Second generation
7%
7%
6%
80%
< 1%
845
Third generation or higher
9%
5%
5%
80%
< 1%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who say the holy scripture is…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
17%
10%
1%
65%
7%
810
Second generation
4%
9%
< 1%
82%
5%
845
Third generation or higher
9%
11%
1%
72%
7%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who …in heaven
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
36%
55%
9%
810
Second generation
30%
61%
10%
845
Third generation or higher
39%
52%
9%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who …in hell
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
26%
66%
8%
810
Second generation
20%
71%
9%
845
Third generation or higher
28%
64%
8%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who identify as…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Immigrants
18%
31%
51%
810
Second generation
20%
18%
61%
845
Third generation or higher
25%
21%
54%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
18%
32%
41%
8%
810
Second generation
17%
32%
45%
6%
845
Third generation or higher
18%
37%
37%
8%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who would rather have…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
33%
59%
3%
4%
810
Second generation
47%
47%
3%
3%
845
Third generation or higher
49%
44%
3%
4%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who say government aid to the poor…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
35%
59%
3%
3%
810
Second generation
34%
60%
4%
2%
845
Third generation or higher
37%
58%
4%
2%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who say abortion should be…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
64%
32%
4%
810
Second generation
81%
16%
3%
845
Third generation or higher
73%
22%
4%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who say homosexuality…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
79%
15%
2%
4%
810
Second generation
89%
7%
2%
1%
845
Third generation or higher
83%
12%
3%
2%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who …same-sex marriage
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
72%
20%
8%
810
Second generation
84%
11%
5%
845
Third generation or higher
78%
16%
6%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who say…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
25%
68%
2%
5%
810
Second generation
26%
71%
2%
2%
845
Third generation or higher
28%
68%
2%
2%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among the Unaffiliated by immigrant status
% of the Unaffiliated who say humans…
Chart
Table
Share
Immigrant status
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
59%
16%
4%
17%
4%
810
Second generation
71%
11%
4%
12%
2%
845
Third generation or higher
63%
15%
5%
15%
3%
5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.