Age distribution among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who are ages…
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Income distribution
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Less than $30,000
21%
23%
26%
30%
1,196
$30,000-$49,999
18%
30%
24%
28%
984
$50,000-$99,999
13%
34%
30%
22%
1,561
$100,000 or more
10%
38%
36%
16%
1,419
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who are…
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Income distribution
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Less than $30,000
13%
14%
18%
32%
20%
3%
1,196
$30,000-$49,999
11%
12%
25%
31%
19%
2%
984
$50,000-$99,999
8%
11%
29%
38%
14%
1%
1,561
$100,000 or more
8%
6%
34%
43%
9%
1%
1,419
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who are…
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Income distribution
Men
Women
Sample size
Less than $30,000
39%
61%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
45%
55%
991
$50,000-$99,999
48%
52%
1,578
$100,000 or more
54%
46%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who identify as…
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Income distribution
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Less than $30,000
81%
5%
1%
9%
4%
1,197
$30,000-$49,999
87%
3%
1%
6%
3%
981
$50,000-$99,999
90%
2%
2%
4%
3%
1,562
$100,000 or more
91%
2%
2%
3%
2%
1,421
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who are…
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Income distribution
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Less than $30,000
9%
7%
84%
1,188
$30,000-$49,999
5%
6%
89%
988
$50,000-$99,999
5%
6%
89%
1,571
$100,000 or more
7%
7%
86%
1,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who have completed…
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Income distribution
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Less than $30,000
60%
28%
8%
4%
1,204
$30,000-$49,999
42%
37%
14%
7%
990
$50,000-$99,999
24%
36%
24%
16%
1,574
$100,000 or more
14%
21%
33%
31%
1,428
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who are…
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Income distribution
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Less than $30,000
29%
7%
20%
18%
26%
1,205
$30,000-$49,999
46%
8%
17%
10%
18%
987
$50,000-$99,999
69%
4%
9%
4%
14%
1,573
$100,000 or more
77%
5%
5%
2%
11%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who are…
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Income distribution
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Less than $30,000
24%
76%
1,207
$30,000-$49,999
23%
77%
990
$50,000-$99,999
29%
71%
1,575
$100,000 or more
35%
65%
1,428
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who say they…
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Income distribution
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Less than $30,000
72%
22%
3%
1%
1%
1%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
70%
23%
3%
1%
1%
1%
991
$50,000-$99,999
66%
26%
4%
1%
1%
2%
1,578
$100,000 or more
56%
34%
6%
< 1%
2%
2%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who say religion is…
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Income distribution
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
58%
32%
7%
3%
1%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
55%
34%
9%
1%
1%
991
$50,000-$99,999
50%
35%
12%
2%
< 1%
1,578
$100,000 or more
46%
39%
13%
3%
< 1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who attend religious services…
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Income distribution
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
31%
40%
29%
1%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
34%
41%
25%
1%
991
$50,000-$99,999
34%
44%
21%
< 1%
1,578
$100,000 or more
27%
52%
20%
< 1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who pray…
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Income distribution
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
59%
21%
6%
14%
1%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
55%
23%
7%
14%
1%
991
$50,000-$99,999
53%
25%
8%
14%
1%
1,578
$100,000 or more
47%
25%
9%
19%
< 1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who attend prayer group…
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Income distribution
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
21%
10%
9%
58%
1%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
20%
11%
9%
60%
< 1%
991
$50,000-$99,999
20%
11%
10%
59%
< 1%
1,578
$100,000 or more
14%
8%
10%
67%
< 1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who meditate…
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Income distribution
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
40%
9%
4%
46%
2%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
36%
11%
4%
48%
1%
991
$50,000-$99,999
34%
11%
5%
49%
1%
1,578
$100,000 or more
30%
10%
6%
53%
< 1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Income distribution
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
57%
16%
9%
16%
2%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
57%
18%
9%
16%
1%
991
$50,000-$99,999
55%
20%
14%
11%
1%
1,578
$100,000 or more
53%
21%
14%
12%
1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Income distribution
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
46%
13%
12%
27%
2%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
44%
17%
12%
25%
1%
991
$50,000-$99,999
41%
18%
18%
22%
1%
1,578
$100,000 or more
42%
20%
16%
21%
1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Income distribution
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
31%
10%
52%
6%
2%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
32%
10%
50%
5%
3%
991
$50,000-$99,999
30%
10%
52%
6%
2%
1,578
$100,000 or more
23%
13%
52%
9%
3%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who say…
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Income distribution
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
29%
69%
1%
1%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
30%
66%
2%
2%
991
$50,000-$99,999
35%
63%
1%
< 1%
1,578
$100,000 or more
35%
63%
2%
< 1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who read scripture…
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Income distribution
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
36%
13%
11%
39%
1%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
34%
13%
9%
43%
< 1%
991
$50,000-$99,999
27%
14%
13%
46%
1%
1,578
$100,000 or more
21%
13%
14%
52%
< 1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who say the holy scripture is…
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Income distribution
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
37%
30%
2%
22%
9%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
27%
38%
3%
24%
8%
991
$50,000-$99,999
19%
37%
2%
32%
9%
1,578
$100,000 or more
10%
39%
2%
39%
9%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who …in heaven
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Income distribution
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
87%
7%
6%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
81%
12%
8%
991
$50,000-$99,999
80%
13%
8%
1,578
$100,000 or more
73%
20%
8%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who …in hell
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Income distribution
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
68%
22%
9%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
64%
28%
7%
991
$50,000-$99,999
59%
32%
9%
1,578
$100,000 or more
50%
39%
11%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who identify as…
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Income distribution
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Less than $30,000
33%
20%
47%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
48%
15%
38%
991
$50,000-$99,999
50%
11%
38%
1,578
$100,000 or more
50%
9%
41%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who are…
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Income distribution
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
34%
37%
21%
8%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
39%
41%
16%
4%
991
$50,000-$99,999
40%
37%
21%
2%
1,578
$100,000 or more
36%
39%
23%
1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who would rather have…
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Income distribution
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
45%
46%
4%
4%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
62%
32%
3%
3%
991
$50,000-$99,999
65%
29%
3%
3%
1,578
$100,000 or more
66%
28%
2%
3%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who say government aid to the poor…
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Table
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Income distribution
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
37%
55%
5%
3%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
52%
41%
4%
2%
991
$50,000-$99,999
53%
42%
3%
1%
1,578
$100,000 or more
51%
46%
2%
1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who say abortion should be…
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Income distribution
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
56%
39%
5%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
55%
41%
4%
991
$50,000-$99,999
65%
32%
3%
1,578
$100,000 or more
70%
28%
2%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who say homosexuality…
Chart
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Income distribution
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
63%
30%
4%
3%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
63%
28%
5%
4%
991
$50,000-$99,999
69%
24%
4%
2%
1,578
$100,000 or more
76%
19%
4%
1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who …same-sex marriage
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Income distribution
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
53%
38%
9%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
53%
39%
8%
991
$50,000-$99,999
61%
34%
6%
1,578
$100,000 or more
68%
26%
6%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who say…
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Income distribution
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
40%
55%
2%
3%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
42%
53%
3%
2%
991
$50,000-$99,999
36%
61%
3%
1%
1,578
$100,000 or more
36%
60%
2%
1%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among Mainline Protestants by household income
% of Mainline Protestants who say humans…
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Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Less than $30,000
25%
31%
4%
34%
6%
1,208
$30,000-$49,999
25%
32%
4%
33%
5%
991
$50,000-$99,999
31%
34%
5%
27%
4%
1,578
$100,000 or more
37%
33%
6%
21%
2%
1,431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.