Importance of religion in one's life among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who say religion is…
Chart
Trends
Table
Share
Survey year
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
2014
66%
27%
4%
2%
1%
2,883
2007
70%
26%
3%
1%
1%
2,830
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by religious group
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who say religion is…
Chart
Table
Share
Religious tradition
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Catholic
71%
26%
2%
1%
< 1%
730
Evangelical Protestant
78%
19%
1%
1%
1%
781
Historically Black Protestant
82%
15%
1%
1%
1%
182
Mainline Protestant
65%
32%
1%
1%
< 1%
627
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
30%
39%
21%
9%
1%
233
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who are ages…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Very important
19%
33%
28%
21%
1,927
Somewhat important
29%
38%
20%
12%
740
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Very important
10%
15%
26%
33%
14%
1%
1,927
Somewhat important
22%
15%
31%
24%
8%
1%
740
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Men
Women
Sample size
Very important
44%
56%
1,962
Somewhat important
55%
45%
756
Not too important
52%
48%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who identify as…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Very important
64%
14%
3%
14%
4%
1,941
Somewhat important
60%
7%
11%
18%
3%
746
Not too important
61%
9%
12%
15%
3%
101
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Very important
16%
7%
77%
1,940
Somewhat important
23%
11%
65%
745
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who have a household income of…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Very important
34%
22%
27%
18%
1,710
Somewhat important
31%
20%
29%
21%
687
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who have completed…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Very important
39%
32%
17%
12%
1,951
Somewhat important
37%
31%
19%
13%
751
Not too important
41%
35%
11%
13%
101
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Very important
53%
6%
12%
8%
21%
1,958
Somewhat important
45%
9%
12%
4%
30%
754
Not too important
34%
7%
10%
1%
48%
101
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Very important
32%
68%
1,956
Somewhat important
32%
68%
755
Not too important
23%
77%
100
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who say they…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Very important
87%
10%
1%
1%
< 1%
< 1%
1,962
Somewhat important
50%
38%
6%
1%
3%
2%
756
Not too important
33%
37%
13%
2%
13%
2%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who attend religious services…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
48%
48%
4%
< 1%
1,962
Somewhat important
14%
76%
10%
< 1%
756
Not too important
4%
72%
24%
< 1%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who pray…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
78%
17%
3%
2%
1%
1,962
Somewhat important
46%
26%
14%
14%
< 1%
756
Not too important
36%
21%
16%
27%
< 1%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who meditate…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
45%
9%
7%
36%
2%
1,962
Somewhat important
27%
13%
11%
48%
1%
756
Not too important
36%
10%
7%
42%
5%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
70%
16%
11%
4%
1%
1,962
Somewhat important
45%
21%
20%
14%
1%
756
Not too important
42%
19%
18%
21%
< 1%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
44%
17%
15%
22%
1%
1,962
Somewhat important
37%
18%
21%
23%
1%
756
Not too important
53%
8%
21%
17%
< 1%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
50%
8%
34%
5%
2%
1,962
Somewhat important
13%
14%
59%
12%
2%
756
Not too important
10%
21%
52%
16%
1%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who say…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
40%
58%
1%
1%
1,962
Somewhat important
26%
72%
1%
1%
756
Not too important
26%
71%
2%
1%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who read scripture…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
45%
19%
21%
15%
1%
1,962
Somewhat important
12%
18%
35%
35%
< 1%
756
Not too important
14%
16%
20%
50%
< 1%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who say the holy scripture is…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Very important
43%
36%
4%
11%
6%
1,962
Somewhat important
17%
41%
1%
33%
7%
756
Not too important
8%
29%
< 1%
52%
11%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who …in heaven
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Very important
89%
6%
5%
1,962
Somewhat important
78%
16%
6%
756
Not too important
54%
31%
14%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who …in hell
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Very important
75%
18%
7%
1,962
Somewhat important
58%
35%
7%
756
Not too important
39%
51%
10%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who identify as…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Very important
45%
15%
40%
1,962
Somewhat important
36%
19%
45%
756
Not too important
29%
26%
46%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
46%
33%
16%
5%
1,962
Somewhat important
32%
43%
19%
6%
756
Not too important
20%
35%
36%
9%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who would rather have…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
52%
42%
3%
3%
1,962
Somewhat important
50%
45%
2%
3%
756
Not too important
50%
40%
5%
6%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who say government aid to the poor…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
48%
47%
4%
2%
1,962
Somewhat important
43%
53%
3%
1%
756
Not too important
32%
58%
4%
6%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who say abortion should be…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
43%
53%
4%
1,962
Somewhat important
65%
32%
3%
756
Not too important
65%
33%
2%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who say homosexuality…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
52%
39%
4%
5%
1,962
Somewhat important
72%
21%
4%
3%
756
Not too important
74%
17%
4%
5%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who …same-sex marriage
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
42%
50%
8%
1,962
Somewhat important
63%
30%
7%
756
Not too important
70%
22%
8%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who say…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
43%
53%
1%
2%
1,962
Somewhat important
33%
63%
3%
2%
756
Not too important
31%
62%
1%
6%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who attend prayer groups several times a year by importance of religion
% of adults who attend prayer groups several times a year who say humans…
Chart
Table
Share
Importance of religion in one's life
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Very important
16%
33%
4%
44%
5%
1,962
Somewhat important
34%
31%
4%
28%
3%
756
Not too important
53%
16%
4%
23%
3%
102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.