Christians among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who are…
| Survey year | Christian | All Non-Christians | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 61% | 39% | 21,598 |
| 2007 | 69% | 31% | 17,391 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Learn More: Christian, All Non-Christians
Demographic✭Information
Age distribution among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who are ages…
| Christians | 18-29 | 30-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 22% | 34% | 28% | 17% | 13,119 |
| All Non-Christians | 36% | 36% | 18% | 9% | 8,146 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: religion among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by age group
Generational cohort among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who are…
| Christians | Younger Millennial | Older Millennial | Generation X | Baby Boomer | Silent | Greatest | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 14% | 14% | 28% | 33% | 11% | 1% | 13,119 |
| All Non-Christians | 23% | 22% | 27% | 22% | 5% | < 1% | 8,146 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who are…
| Christians | Men | Women | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 40% | 60% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 53% | 47% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: religion among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by gender
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who identify as…
| Christians | White | Black | Asian | Latino | Other/Mixed | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 64% | 12% | 2% | 19% | 3% | 13,202 |
| All Non-Christians | 70% | 7% | 8% | 11% | 5% | 8,145 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who are…
| Christians | Immigrants | Second generation | Third generation or higher | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 16% | 10% | 74% | 13,182 |
| All Non-Christians | 14% | 14% | 72% | 8,176 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who have a household income of…
| Christians | Less than $30,000 | $30,000-$49,999 | $50,000-$99,999 | $100,000 or more | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 35% | 20% | 26% | 19% | 11,762 |
| All Non-Christians | 30% | 19% | 27% | 24% | 7,431 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who have completed…
| Christians | High school or less | Some college | College | Post-graduate degree | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 40% | 32% | 17% | 11% | 13,256 |
| All Non-Christians | 31% | 32% | 21% | 15% | 8,250 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who are…
| Christians | Married | Living with a partner | Divorced/separated | Widowed | Never married | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 48% | 8% | 14% | 6% | 24% | 13,275 |
| All Non-Christians | 38% | 12% | 11% | 3% | 37% | 8,240 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who are…
| Christians | Parents | Non-parents | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 31% | 69% | 13,274 |
| All Non-Christians | 26% | 74% | 8,258 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Beliefs✭and✭Practices
Belief in God among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who say they…
| Christians | Believe in God; absolutely certain | Believe in God; fairly certain | Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | Believe in God; don't know | Do not believe in God | Other/don't know if they believe in God | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 68% | 25% | 4% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 25% | 23% | 12% | 1% | 33% | 6% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who say religion is…
| Christians | Very important | Somewhat important | Not too important | Not at all important | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 56% | 33% | 8% | 2% | < 1% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 13% | 24% | 25% | 37% | 1% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who attend religious services…
| Christians | At least once a week | Once or twice a month/a few times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 35% | 44% | 21% | < 1% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 5% | 27% | 67% | < 1% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who pray…
| Christians | At least daily | Weekly | Monthly | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 59% | 21% | 7% | 13% | 1% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 20% | 11% | 7% | 61% | 1% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who attend prayer group…
| Christians | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 19% | 11% | 10% | 60% | < 1% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 5% | 4% | 5% | 87% | < 1% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who meditate…
| Christians | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 38% | 9% | 5% | 47% | 1% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 29% | 10% | 5% | 55% | 1% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
| Christians | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 58% | 17% | 11% | 12% | 1% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 41% | 16% | 11% | 29% | 2% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
| Christians | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 43% | 17% | 14% | 25% | 1% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 49% | 16% | 13% | 21% | 1% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
| Christians | Religion | Philosophy/reason | Common sense | Science | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 29% | 11% | 50% | 8% | 2% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 5% | 20% | 55% | 18% | 2% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who say…
| Christians | There are clear standards for what is right and wrong | Right or wrong depends on the situation | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 28% | 70% | 1% | 1% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 19% | 80% | 1% | 1% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who read scripture…
| Christians | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 31% | 13% | 11% | 45% | < 1% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 8% | 6% | 6% | 79% | 1% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who say the holy scripture is…
| Christians | Word of God; should be taken literally | Word of God; not everything taken literally | Word of God; other/don't know | Not the word of God | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 26% | 37% | 2% | 27% | 7% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 6% | 11% | 1% | 76% | 7% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who …in heaven
| Christians | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 84% | 10% | 6% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 34% | 56% | 9% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who …in hell
| Christians | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 63% | 29% | 8% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 23% | 69% | 7% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Social✭and✭Political✭Views
Party affiliation among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who identify as…
| Christians | Republican/lean Rep. | No lean | Democrat/lean Dem. | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 35% | 16% | 49% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 20% | 20% | 60% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who are…
| Christians | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 31% | 40% | 24% | 5% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 14% | 36% | 43% | 6% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who would rather have…
| Christians | Smaller government; fewer services | Bigger government; more services | Depends | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 47% | 47% | 3% | 3% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 44% | 49% | 4% | 4% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who say government aid to the poor…
| Christians | Does more harm than good | Does more good than harm | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 43% | 53% | 3% | 1% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 31% | 64% | 3% | 2% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who say abortion should be…
| Christians | Legal in all/most cases | Illegal in all/most cases | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 61% | 36% | 3% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 80% | 17% | 3% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who …same-sex marriage
| Christians | Strongly favor/favor | Oppose/strongly oppose | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 74% | 20% | 6% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 90% | 6% | 3% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who say…
| Christians | Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy | Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 35% | 61% | 2% | 2% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 22% | 73% | 2% | 2% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who say homosexuality should be accepted by religion
% of adults who say homosexuality should be accepted who say humans…
| Christians | Evolved; due to natural processes | Evolved; due to God's design | Evolved; don't know how | Always existed in present form | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 30% | 34% | 4% | 29% | 3% | 13,312 |
| All Non-Christians | 69% | 14% | 4% | 11% | 2% | 8,286 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
