Belief in Heaven among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who …in heaven
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Trends
Table
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Survey year
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
2014
73%
20%
7%
5,920
2007
76%
16%
8%
6,387
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by religious group
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who …in heaven
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Religious tradition
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Catholic
87%
9%
4%
1,151
Evangelical Protestant
90%
5%
6%
1,606
Historically Black Protestant
90%
7%
3%
362
Mainline Protestant
81%
12%
8%
991
Mormon
94%
2%
4%
124
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
38%
53%
9%
1,261
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who are ages…
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Belief in Heaven
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Believe
21%
35%
25%
19%
4,252
Don't believe
32%
36%
18%
14%
1,190
Other/don't know
19%
35%
26%
20%
435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who are…
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Belief in Heaven
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Believe
12%
16%
28%
31%
13%
1%
4,252
Don't believe
18%
25%
25%
22%
9%
1%
1,190
Other/don't know
9%
17%
28%
31%
14%
1%
435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who are…
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Belief in Heaven
Men
Women
Sample size
Believe
46%
54%
4,285
Don't believe
58%
42%
1,198
Other/don't know
58%
42%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who identify as…
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Belief in Heaven
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Believe
64%
14%
3%
14%
4%
4,248
Don't believe
67%
6%
7%
16%
4%
1,189
Other/don't know
72%
8%
3%
13%
5%
425
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who are…
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Belief in Heaven
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Believe
13%
9%
78%
4,251
Don't believe
16%
12%
72%
1,190
Other/don't know
12%
11%
77%
434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who have completed…
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Belief in Heaven
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Believe
45%
38%
13%
5%
4,281
Don't believe
34%
35%
21%
9%
1,197
Other/don't know
42%
34%
17%
8%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who are…
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Belief in Heaven
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Believe
48%
8%
14%
7%
23%
4,271
Don't believe
33%
12%
14%
4%
36%
1,195
Other/don't know
43%
11%
16%
5%
25%
436
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who are…
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Belief in Heaven
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Believe
30%
70%
4,277
Don't believe
22%
78%
1,197
Other/don't know
18%
82%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who say they…
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Belief in Heaven
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Believe
77%
18%
3%
1%
1%
< 1%
4,285
Don't believe
26%
21%
10%
1%
38%
4%
1,198
Other/don't know
53%
27%
4%
1%
5%
9%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who say religion is…
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Belief in Heaven
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
65%
26%
6%
3%
< 1%
4,285
Don't believe
18%
20%
26%
36%
1%
1,198
Other/don't know
39%
28%
16%
14%
3%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who attend religious services…
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Belief in Heaven
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
43%
36%
21%
< 1%
4,285
Don't believe
10%
28%
62%
< 1%
1,198
Other/don't know
30%
24%
45%
1%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who pray…
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Belief in Heaven
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
66%
17%
5%
12%
< 1%
4,285
Don't believe
22%
9%
5%
63%
< 1%
1,198
Other/don't know
43%
16%
6%
33%
2%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who attend prayer group…
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Belief in Heaven
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
29%
10%
10%
50%
< 1%
4,285
Don't believe
6%
4%
4%
85%
< 1%
1,198
Other/don't know
21%
5%
5%
69%
< 1%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who meditate…
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Belief in Heaven
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
43%
8%
3%
44%
1%
4,285
Don't believe
31%
9%
6%
53%
1%
1,198
Other/don't know
41%
8%
4%
45%
2%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Belief in Heaven
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
65%
15%
8%
11%
1%
4,285
Don't believe
40%
17%
11%
31%
1%
1,198
Other/don't know
58%
11%
11%
17%
2%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Belief in Heaven
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
43%
17%
12%
26%
1%
4,285
Don't believe
48%
15%
13%
23%
1%
1,198
Other/don't know
56%
11%
11%
19%
2%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Belief in Heaven
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
41%
7%
43%
6%
2%
4,285
Don't believe
10%
17%
54%
16%
2%
1,198
Other/don't know
27%
11%
48%
7%
7%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who say…
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Belief in Heaven
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
36%
62%
1%
1%
4,285
Don't believe
21%
77%
1%
1%
1,198
Other/don't know
30%
67%
1%
1%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who read scripture…
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Belief in Heaven
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
43%
12%
9%
35%
< 1%
4,285
Don't believe
13%
5%
6%
76%
< 1%
1,198
Other/don't know
30%
7%
10%
51%
1%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who say the holy scripture is…
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Belief in Heaven
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
40%
33%
3%
18%
6%
4,285
Don't believe
8%
10%
< 1%
77%
5%
1,198
Other/don't know
20%
18%
3%
43%
16%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who …in hell
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Belief in Heaven
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
79%
18%
4%
4,285
Don't believe
6%
93%
2%
1,198
Other/don't know
21%
26%
53%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who identify as…
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Belief in Heaven
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Believe
42%
15%
43%
4,285
Don't believe
27%
16%
57%
1,198
Other/don't know
37%
23%
40%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who are…
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Belief in Heaven
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
42%
35%
19%
4%
4,285
Don't believe
19%
35%
41%
6%
1,198
Other/don't know
36%
31%
25%
8%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who would rather have…
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Belief in Heaven
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
56%
38%
2%
3%
4,285
Don't believe
48%
47%
3%
3%
1,198
Other/don't know
55%
31%
6%
8%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who say government aid to the poor…
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Belief in Heaven
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
50%
45%
4%
1%
4,285
Don't believe
35%
59%
3%
2%
1,198
Other/don't know
44%
45%
8%
3%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who say abortion should be…
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Belief in Heaven
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
47%
50%
3%
4,285
Don't believe
74%
22%
4%
1,198
Other/don't know
59%
34%
6%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who say homosexuality…
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Belief in Heaven
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
55%
38%
4%
3%
4,285
Don't believe
81%
14%
2%
3%
1,198
Other/don't know
62%
27%
6%
6%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who …same-sex marriage
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Table
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Belief in Heaven
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
46%
47%
7%
4,285
Don't believe
78%
18%
4%
1,198
Other/don't know
54%
36%
10%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who say…
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Table
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Belief in Heaven
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
42%
54%
2%
2%
4,285
Don't believe
26%
70%
2%
2%
1,198
Other/don't know
37%
55%
5%
3%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 by belief in heaven
% of adults with a household income of $30,000-$49,999 who say humans…
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Belief in Heaven
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
20%
31%
3%
43%
3%
4,285
Don't believe
64%
14%
3%
18%
1%
1,198
Other/don't know
34%
18%
9%
29%
10%
437
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.