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Various inflation gauges show similar patterns but differ in details


Various inflation gauges show similar patterns but differ in details
Year-over-year inflation rates, using four measures
Chart
Chart
Chart
Note: Data for CPI index variants is not available for October 2025 due to a government shutdown.
Source: Pew Research Center analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price Index (CPI) variants and Bureau of Economic Analysis’ Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER


Various inflation gauges show similar patterns but differ in details
Year-over-year inflation rates, using four measures
DateMain CPICPI retroactive seriesChained CPIPCE
1971-01-015.29%4.44%
1971-02-015.00%4.33%
1971-03-014.71%4.41%
1971-04-014.16%4.30%
1971-05-014.40%4.40%
1971-06-014.64%4.59%
1971-07-014.36%4.52%
1971-08-014.62%4.55%
1971-09-014.08%4.24%
1971-10-013.81%3.88%
1971-11-013.28%3.69%
1971-12-013.27%3.64%
1972-01-013.27%3.84%
1972-02-013.51%3.95%
1972-03-013.50%3.76%
1972-04-013.49%3.51%
1972-05-013.23%3.31%
1972-06-012.71%3.01%
1972-07-012.95%3.07%
1972-08-012.94%3.07%
1972-09-013.19%3.37%
1972-10-013.42%3.33%
1972-11-013.67%3.42%
1972-12-013.41%3.35%
1973-01-013.65%3.24%
1973-02-013.87%3.37%
1973-03-014.59%3.96%
1973-04-015.06%4.57%
1973-05-015.53%4.85%
1973-06-016.00%5.29%
1973-07-015.73%5.30%
1973-08-017.38%6.20%
1973-09-017.36%6.15%
1973-10-017.80%6.63%
1973-11-018.25%7.18%
1973-12-018.71%7.72%
1974-01-019.39%8.43%
1974-02-0110.02%9.12%
1974-03-0110.39%9.60%
1974-04-0110.09%9.56%
1974-05-0110.71%10.10%
1974-06-0110.86%10.41%
1974-07-0111.51%10.82%
1974-08-0110.86%10.70%
1974-09-0111.95%11.41%
1974-10-0112.06%11.57%
1974-11-0112.20%11.50%
1974-12-0112.34%11.46%
1975-01-0111.80%11.09%
1975-02-0111.23%10.41%
1975-03-0110.25%9.51%
1975-04-0110.21%9.11%
1975-05-019.47%8.48%
1975-06-019.39%8.24%
1975-07-019.72%8.37%
1975-08-018.60%7.71%
1975-09-017.91%7.13%
1975-10-017.44%6.99%
1975-11-017.38%6.87%
1975-12-016.94%6.62%
1976-01-016.72%6.36%
1976-02-016.29%5.93%
1976-03-016.07%5.73%
1976-04-016.05%5.61%
1976-05-016.20%5.69%
1976-06-015.97%5.49%
1976-07-015.35%5.13%
1976-08-015.71%5.25%
1976-09-015.49%5.32%
1976-10-015.46%5.26%
1976-11-014.88%5.06%
1976-12-014.86%5.07%
1977-01-015.22%5.28%
1977-02-015.91%5.97%
1977-03-016.44%6.34%
1977-04-016.95%6.72%
1977-05-016.73%6.75%
1977-06-016.87%6.88%
1977-07-016.83%6.89%
1977-08-016.62%6.80%
1977-09-016.60%6.60%
1977-10-016.39%6.54%
1977-11-016.72%6.67%
1977-12-016.70%6.59%
1978-01-016.84%6.60%
1978-02-016.43%6.26%
1978-03-016.55%6.42%
1978-04-016.50%6.60%
1978-05-016.97%6.83%
1978-06-017.41%6.92%
1978-07-017.70%6.95%
1978-08-017.84%7.00%
1978-09-018.31%7.20%
1978-10-018.93%7.55%
1978-11-018.89%7.55%
1978-12-019.02%7.80%7.53%
1979-01-019.28%8.16%7.70%
1979-02-019.86%8.51%7.78%
1979-03-0110.09%8.74%7.92%
1979-04-0110.49%8.86%8.23%
1979-05-0110.85%9.07%8.57%
1979-06-0110.89%9.19%8.76%
1979-07-0111.26%9.62%8.99%
1979-08-0111.82%9.95%9.27%
1979-09-0112.18%10.37%9.61%
1979-10-0112.07%10.50%9.63%
1979-11-0112.61%10.44%9.77%
1979-12-0113.29%10.85%10.18%
1980-01-0113.91%11.13%10.50%
1980-02-0114.18%11.58%11.10%
1980-03-0114.76%11.83%11.60%
1980-04-0114.73%11.54%11.02%
1980-05-0114.41%11.24%10.74%
1980-06-0114.38%11.04%10.52%
1980-07-0113.13%10.77%10.54%
1980-08-0112.87%10.86%10.61%
1980-09-0112.60%10.93%10.66%
1980-10-0112.77%10.86%10.64%
1980-11-0112.65%10.97%10.78%
1980-12-0112.52%10.79%10.57%
1981-01-0111.83%10.60%10.47%
1981-02-0111.41%10.46%10.39%
1981-03-0110.49%10.10%9.81%
1981-04-0110.00%9.94%9.72%
1981-05-019.78%9.71%9.36%
1981-06-019.55%9.47%9.11%
1981-07-0110.76%9.57%8.92%
1981-08-0110.80%9.41%8.70%
1981-09-0110.95%9.16%8.35%
1981-10-0110.14%8.95%7.98%
1981-11-019.59%8.67%7.68%
1981-12-018.92%8.31%7.32%
1982-01-018.39%7.93%6.93%
1982-02-017.62%7.03%6.18%
1982-03-016.78%6.31%5.71%
1982-04-016.51%5.76%5.31%
1982-05-016.68%5.95%5.46%
1982-06-017.06%6.34%5.80%
1982-07-016.44%6.30%5.79%
1982-08-015.85%5.76%5.46%
1982-09-015.04%5.43%5.11%
1982-10-015.14%5.48%5.23%
1982-11-014.59%5.32%4.98%
1982-12-013.83%5.02%4.81%
1983-01-013.71%4.72%4.68%
1983-02-013.49%4.42%4.54%
1983-03-013.60%4.35%4.41%
1983-04-013.90%5.10%4.83%
1983-05-013.55%4.86%4.51%
1983-06-012.58%4.20%4.15%
1983-07-012.46%3.91%4.12%
1983-08-012.56%4.03%4.24%
1983-09-012.86%4.08%4.32%
1983-10-012.85%3.86%3.91%
1983-11-013.27%3.72%3.74%
1983-12-013.79%3.78%3.64%
1984-01-014.19%4.11%3.61%
1984-02-014.60%4.57%4.13%
1984-03-014.80%4.70%4.34%
1984-04-014.56%4.33%4.26%
1984-05-014.23%4.11%4.10%
1984-06-014.22%4.03%3.90%
1984-07-014.20%3.95%3.68%
1984-08-014.29%4.07%3.56%
1984-09-014.27%3.98%3.34%
1984-10-014.26%3.97%3.40%
1984-11-014.05%3.91%3.40%
1984-12-013.95%3.84%3.64%
1985-01-013.53%3.37%3.70%
1985-02-013.52%3.29%3.49%
1985-03-013.70%3.54%3.56%
1985-04-013.69%3.52%3.31%
1985-05-013.77%3.57%3.43%
1985-06-013.76%3.56%3.52%
1985-07-013.55%3.43%3.41%
1985-08-013.35%3.17%3.43%
1985-09-013.14%3.09%3.47%
1985-10-013.23%3.08%3.39%
1985-11-013.51%3.39%3.55%
1985-12-013.80%3.57%3.60%
1986-01-013.89%3.75%3.56%
1986-02-013.11%3.00%3.09%
1986-03-012.26%2.07%2.46%
1986-04-011.59%1.40%2.10%
1986-05-011.49%1.33%2.05%
1986-06-011.77%1.57%2.15%
1986-07-011.58%1.39%1.92%
1986-08-011.57%1.38%1.72%
1986-09-011.75%1.56%1.88%
1986-10-011.47%1.38%1.89%
1986-11-011.28%1.07%1.78%
1986-12-011.10%0.89%1.58%
1987-01-011.46%1.19%1.59%
1987-02-012.10%1.90%1.94%
1987-03-013.03%2.81%2.44%
1987-04-013.78%3.59%3.03%
1987-05-013.86%3.58%3.10%
1987-06-013.65%3.45%3.11%
1987-07-013.93%3.63%3.32%
1987-08-014.28%4.04%3.60%
1987-09-014.36%3.96%3.61%
1987-10-014.53%4.13%3.75%
1987-11-014.53%4.19%3.76%
1987-12-014.43%4.07%3.81%
1988-01-014.05%3.75%3.73%
1988-02-013.94%3.50%3.52%
1988-03-013.93%3.49%3.60%
1988-04-013.90%3.47%3.72%
1988-05-013.89%3.52%3.75%
1988-06-013.96%3.51%3.80%
1988-07-014.13%3.73%4.07%
1988-08-014.02%3.59%3.96%
1988-09-014.17%3.75%4.12%
1988-10-014.25%3.80%4.13%
1988-11-014.25%3.79%4.17%
1988-12-014.42%3.91%4.30%
1989-01-014.67%4.12%4.43%
1989-02-014.83%4.29%4.63%
1989-03-014.98%4.44%4.66%
1989-04-015.12%4.64%4.84%
1989-05-015.36%4.79%4.92%
1989-06-015.17%4.66%4.71%
1989-07-014.98%4.54%4.45%
1989-08-014.71%4.19%4.15%
1989-09-014.34%3.89%3.88%
1989-10-014.49%4.04%3.94%
1989-11-014.66%4.15%3.93%
1989-12-014.65%4.20%3.91%
1990-01-015.20%4.72%4.16%
1990-02-015.26%4.87%4.27%
1990-03-015.23%4.84%4.28%
1990-04-014.71%4.27%3.80%
1990-05-014.36%3.93%3.66%
1990-06-014.67%4.24%3.89%
1990-07-014.82%4.39%3.90%
1990-08-015.62%5.18%4.58%
1990-09-016.16%5.69%4.98%
1990-10-016.29%5.82%5.17%
1990-11-016.27%5.81%5.08%
1990-12-016.11%5.70%4.87%
1991-01-015.65%5.13%4.48%
1991-02-015.31%4.74%4.08%
1991-03-014.90%4.31%3.71%
1991-04-014.89%4.25%3.68%
1991-05-014.95%4.40%3.87%
1991-06-014.70%4.07%3.59%
1991-07-014.45%3.75%3.50%
1991-08-013.80%3.12%3.05%
1991-09-013.39%2.74%2.78%
1991-10-012.92%2.23%2.38%
1991-11-012.99%2.33%2.48%
1991-12-013.06%2.38%2.64%
1992-01-012.60%2.12%2.39%
1992-02-012.82%2.26%2.60%
1992-03-013.19%2.61%2.82%
1992-04-013.18%2.70%2.91%
1992-05-013.02%2.55%2.63%
1992-06-013.09%2.54%2.63%
1992-07-013.16%2.64%2.81%
1992-08-013.15%2.63%2.71%
1992-09-012.99%2.47%2.52%
1992-10-013.20%2.72%2.70%
1992-11-013.05%2.61%2.67%
1992-12-012.90%2.47%2.59%
1993-01-013.26%2.61%2.70%
1993-02-013.25%2.70%2.60%
1993-03-013.09%2.59%2.56%
1993-04-013.23%2.63%2.56%
1993-05-013.22%2.72%2.74%
1993-06-013.00%2.62%2.59%
1993-07-012.78%2.48%2.42%
1993-08-012.77%2.42%2.45%
1993-09-012.69%2.27%2.39%
1993-10-012.75%2.31%2.35%
1993-11-012.68%2.26%2.35%
1993-12-012.75%2.27%2.19%
1994-01-012.52%2.12%1.98%
1994-02-012.52%2.02%2.06%
1994-03-012.51%2.06%2.13%
1994-04-012.36%1.91%1.98%
1994-05-012.29%1.81%1.81%
1994-06-012.49%2.00%2.03%
1994-07-012.77%2.18%2.19%
1994-08-012.90%2.32%2.25%
1994-09-012.96%2.36%2.25%
1994-10-012.61%2.08%2.11%
1994-11-012.67%2.12%2.11%
1994-12-012.67%2.17%2.15%
1995-01-012.80%2.35%2.32%
1995-02-012.86%2.44%2.27%
1995-03-012.85%2.38%2.17%
1995-04-013.05%2.61%2.32%
1995-05-013.19%2.65%2.33%
1995-06-013.04%2.60%2.18%
1995-07-012.76%2.41%1.99%
1995-08-012.62%2.27%1.97%
1995-09-012.54%2.26%1.93%
1995-10-012.81%2.49%2.02%
1995-11-012.61%2.26%1.82%
1995-12-012.54%2.26%1.95%
1996-01-012.73%2.39%1.97%
1996-02-012.65%2.42%1.95%
1996-03-012.84%2.59%2.07%
1996-04-012.90%2.63%2.11%
1996-05-012.89%2.71%2.13%
1996-06-012.75%2.53%2.03%
1996-07-012.95%2.66%2.12%
1996-08-012.88%2.57%1.99%
1996-09-013.00%2.74%2.21%
1996-10-012.99%2.78%2.26%
1996-11-013.26%3.05%2.44%
1996-12-013.32%3.09%2.36%
1997-01-013.04%2.90%2.27%
1997-02-013.03%2.80%2.32%
1997-03-012.76%2.53%2.12%
1997-04-012.50%2.30%1.92%
1997-05-012.23%1.99%1.69%
1997-06-012.30%2.12%1.83%
1997-07-012.23%1.99%1.67%
1997-08-012.23%2.07%1.66%
1997-09-012.15%2.07%1.61%
1997-10-012.08%1.93%1.44%
1997-11-011.83%1.71%1.26%
1997-12-011.70%1.54%1.13%
1998-01-011.57%1.41%1.04%
1998-02-011.44%1.32%0.78%
1998-03-011.37%1.23%0.69%
1998-04-011.44%1.32%0.72%
1998-05-011.69%1.53%0.90%
1998-06-011.68%1.40%0.69%
1998-07-011.68%1.48%0.88%
1998-08-011.62%1.44%0.93%
1998-09-011.49%1.22%0.63%
1998-10-011.49%1.26%0.72%
1998-11-011.55%1.31%0.72%
1998-12-011.61%1.39%0.84%
1999-01-011.67%1.47%0.94%
1999-02-011.61%1.43%0.93%
1999-03-011.73%1.60%0.99%
1999-04-012.28%2.10%1.35%
1999-05-012.09%1.92%1.28%
1999-06-011.96%1.92%1.40%
1999-07-012.14%2.09%1.42%
1999-08-012.26%2.25%1.46%
1999-09-012.63%2.58%1.89%
1999-10-012.56%2.58%1.83%
1999-11-012.62%2.62%1.92%
1999-12-012.68%2.70%2.05%
2000-01-012.74%2.78%2.19%
2000-02-013.22%3.28%2.57%
2000-03-013.76%3.80%2.93%
2000-04-013.07%3.12%2.35%
2000-05-013.19%3.20%2.37%
2000-06-013.73%3.78%2.68%
2000-07-013.66%3.68%2.67%
2000-08-013.41%3.39%2.48%
2000-09-013.45%3.49%2.55%
2000-10-013.45%3.40%2.51%
2000-11-013.45%3.44%2.57%
2000-12-013.39%3.36%2.60%2.48%
2001-01-013.73%3.72%2.99%2.70%
2001-02-013.53%3.53%2.78%2.54%
2001-03-012.92%2.95%2.26%2.11%
2001-04-013.27%3.30%2.56%2.37%
2001-05-013.62%3.62%2.85%2.56%
2001-06-013.25%3.24%2.64%2.39%
2001-07-012.72%2.72%2.15%2.10%
2001-08-012.72%2.76%2.25%2.10%
2001-09-012.65%2.59%2.04%1.31%
2001-10-012.13%2.16%1.75%1.53%
2001-11-011.90%1.88%1.56%1.32%
2001-12-011.55%1.57%1.27%1.06%
2002-01-011.14%1.17%0.87%0.67%
2002-02-011.14%1.12%0.77%0.68%
2002-03-011.48%1.43%1.15%0.94%
2002-04-011.64%1.62%1.34%1.19%
2002-05-011.18%1.19%0.96%0.99%
2002-06-011.07%1.07%0.76%0.94%
2002-07-011.46%1.46%1.15%1.19%
2002-08-011.80%1.77%1.34%1.40%
2002-09-011.51%1.53%1.33%1.93%
2002-10-012.03%2.03%1.62%1.76%
2002-11-012.20%2.23%1.82%1.93%
2002-12-012.38%2.39%2.02%2.13%
2003-01-012.60%2.54%2.21%2.35%
2003-02-012.98%2.99%2.68%2.60%
2003-03-013.02%3.05%2.66%2.59%
2003-04-012.22%2.20%1.99%1.99%
2003-05-012.06%2.09%1.80%1.80%
2003-06-012.11%2.12%1.89%1.79%
2003-07-012.11%2.12%1.89%1.86%
2003-08-012.16%2.15%2.08%2.01%
2003-09-012.32%2.34%2.07%2.14%
2003-10-012.04%2.07%1.88%1.97%
2003-11-011.77%1.77%1.60%2.00%
2003-12-011.88%1.88%1.70%2.12%
2004-01-011.93%1.99%1.88%2.21%
2004-02-011.69%1.71%1.68%2.00%
2004-03-011.74%1.74%1.67%1.90%
2004-04-012.29%2.34%2.14%2.26%
2004-05-013.05%3.05%2.88%2.71%
2004-06-013.27%3.23%2.97%2.89%
2004-07-012.99%3.00%2.79%2.68%
2004-08-012.65%2.66%2.31%2.39%
2004-09-012.54%2.54%2.30%2.27%
2004-10-013.19%3.17%2.95%2.70%
2004-11-013.52%3.55%3.33%2.97%
2004-12-013.26%3.26%3.15%2.79%
2005-01-012.97%2.91%2.58%2.53%
2005-02-013.01%2.96%2.57%2.60%
2005-03-013.15%3.13%2.64%2.75%
2005-04-013.51%3.48%3.09%2.84%
2005-05-012.80%2.85%2.44%2.57%
2005-06-012.53%2.52%2.17%2.34%
2005-07-013.17%3.13%2.71%2.68%
2005-08-013.64%3.63%3.25%3.04%
2005-09-014.69%4.67%4.14%3.83%
2005-10-014.35%4.36%3.67%3.55%
2005-11-013.46%3.43%2.96%2.94%
2005-12-013.42%3.40%2.88%2.88%
2006-01-013.99%4.01%3.50%3.25%
2006-02-013.60%3.59%3.13%3.02%
2006-03-013.36%3.39%3.02%2.91%
2006-04-013.55%3.54%3.09%3.10%
2006-05-014.17%4.10%3.71%3.32%
2006-06-014.32%4.35%3.98%3.51%
2006-07-014.15%4.15%3.87%3.43%
2006-08-013.82%3.85%3.50%3.34%
2006-09-012.06%2.09%1.90%2.08%
2006-10-011.31%1.30%1.21%1.68%
2006-11-011.97%2.00%1.74%1.92%
2006-12-012.54%2.56%2.27%2.29%
2007-01-012.08%2.10%1.85%2.13%
2007-02-012.42%2.44%2.15%2.39%
2007-03-012.78%2.76%2.51%2.56%
2007-04-012.57%2.57%2.37%2.33%
2007-05-012.69%2.73%2.38%2.35%
2007-06-012.69%2.69%2.33%2.32%
2007-07-012.36%2.38%1.93%2.12%
2007-08-011.97%1.94%1.68%1.87%
2007-09-012.76%2.76%2.41%2.53%
2007-10-013.54%3.51%3.23%3.09%
2007-11-014.31%4.30%3.92%3.60%
2007-12-014.08%4.09%3.67%3.47%
2008-01-014.28%4.28%3.87%3.39%
2008-02-014.03%4.02%3.71%3.27%
2008-03-013.98%3.98%3.71%3.19%
2008-04-013.94%3.96%3.72%3.14%
2008-05-014.18%4.16%4.06%3.28%
2008-06-015.02%5.01%4.87%3.81%
2008-07-015.60%5.60%5.43%4.14%
2008-08-015.37%5.38%5.24%3.98%
2008-09-014.94%4.94%4.90%3.67%
2008-10-013.66%3.66%3.82%2.67%
2008-11-011.07%1.07%1.29%0.93%
2008-12-010.09%0.06%0.22%0.13%
2009-01-010.03%0.03%0.19%-0.11%
2009-02-010.24%0.23%0.28%-0.13%
2009-03-01-0.38%-0.38%-0.42%-0.53%
2009-04-01-0.74%-0.73%-0.86%-0.57%
2009-05-01-1.28%-1.26%-1.39%-0.89%
2009-06-01-1.43%-1.40%-1.44%-1.02%
2009-07-01-2.10%-2.11%-2.07%-1.47%
2009-08-01-1.48%-1.46%-1.56%-1.10%
2009-09-01-1.29%-1.28%-1.46%-1.02%
2009-10-01-0.18%-0.16%-0.56%0.01%
2009-11-011.84%1.83%1.42%1.46%
2009-12-012.72%2.72%2.46%2.09%
2010-01-012.63%2.62%2.37%2.30%
2010-02-012.14%2.15%1.94%2.12%
2010-03-012.31%2.31%2.15%2.37%
2010-04-012.24%2.24%2.09%2.28%
2010-05-012.02%2.01%1.82%2.21%
2010-06-011.05%1.04%0.83%1.56%
2010-07-011.24%1.27%1.00%1.64%
2010-08-011.15%1.14%0.91%1.48%
2010-09-011.14%1.14%0.90%1.42%
2010-10-011.17%1.17%0.94%1.36%
2010-11-011.14%1.13%0.91%1.31%
2010-12-011.50%1.52%1.28%1.48%
2011-01-011.63%1.64%1.43%1.56%
2011-02-012.11%2.11%1.91%1.85%
2011-03-012.68%2.69%2.51%2.11%
2011-04-013.16%3.16%3.08%2.49%
2011-05-013.57%3.59%3.44%2.77%
2011-06-013.56%3.57%3.45%2.79%
2011-07-013.63%3.63%3.54%2.88%
2011-08-013.77%3.78%3.65%2.98%
2011-09-013.87%3.87%3.82%3.02%
2011-10-013.53%3.55%3.50%2.69%
2011-11-013.39%3.43%3.40%2.70%
2011-12-012.96%2.99%2.93%2.53%
2012-01-012.93%2.97%2.89%2.57%
2012-02-012.87%2.90%2.82%2.51%
2012-03-012.65%2.68%2.58%2.30%
2012-04-012.30%2.33%2.16%2.00%
2012-05-011.70%1.72%1.66%1.58%
2012-06-011.66%1.69%1.63%1.55%
2012-07-011.41%1.45%1.34%1.41%
2012-08-011.69%1.75%1.59%1.51%
2012-09-011.99%2.04%1.80%1.68%
2012-10-012.16%2.20%1.93%1.98%
2012-11-011.76%1.81%1.55%1.70%
2012-12-011.74%1.78%1.48%1.62%
2013-01-011.59%1.62%1.30%1.47%
2013-02-011.98%2.04%1.72%1.60%
2013-03-011.47%1.52%1.25%1.28%
2013-04-011.06%1.10%0.86%1.04%
2013-05-011.36%1.39%1.11%1.23%
2013-06-011.75%1.81%1.47%1.51%
2013-07-011.96%1.99%1.66%1.60%
2013-08-011.52%1.54%1.26%1.40%
2013-09-011.18%1.24%0.95%1.14%
2013-10-010.96%1.00%0.74%0.98%
2013-11-011.24%1.27%1.05%1.20%
2013-12-011.50%1.54%1.32%1.39%
2014-01-011.58%1.63%1.42%1.41%
2014-02-011.13%1.17%1.00%1.09%
2014-03-011.51%1.55%1.36%1.39%
2014-04-011.95%2.02%1.76%1.67%
2014-05-012.13%2.19%1.94%1.77%
2014-06-012.07%2.13%1.89%1.65%
2014-07-011.99%2.04%1.85%1.67%
2014-08-011.70%1.75%1.51%1.51%
2014-09-011.66%1.69%1.46%1.50%
2014-10-011.66%1.69%1.51%1.33%
2014-11-011.32%1.37%1.13%1.09%
2014-12-010.76%0.79%0.52%0.73%
2015-01-01-0.09%-0.03%-0.40%0.04%
2015-02-01-0.03%0.03%-0.36%0.17%
2015-03-01-0.07%-0.03%-0.30%0.20%
2015-04-01-0.20%-0.14%-0.40%0.11%
2015-05-01-0.04%0.00%-0.18%0.19%
2015-06-010.12%0.17%-0.03%0.27%
2015-07-010.17%0.23%-0.02%0.22%
2015-08-010.20%0.26%0.00%0.24%
2015-09-01-0.04%0.03%-0.27%0.07%
2015-10-010.17%0.23%-0.11%0.10%
2015-11-010.50%0.55%0.21%0.25%
2015-12-010.73%0.78%0.43%0.35%
2016-01-011.37%1.40%1.11%0.87%
2016-02-011.02%1.04%0.67%0.64%
2016-03-010.85%0.89%0.51%0.69%
2016-04-011.13%1.15%0.82%0.93%
2016-05-011.02%1.06%0.68%0.85%
2016-06-011.00%1.00%0.69%0.83%
2016-07-010.83%0.86%0.47%0.76%
2016-08-011.06%1.09%0.66%0.89%
2016-09-011.46%1.46%1.10%1.22%
2016-10-011.64%1.66%1.33%1.43%
2016-11-011.69%1.69%1.37%1.40%
2016-12-012.07%2.10%1.81%1.66%
2017-01-012.50%2.50%2.27%2.01%
2017-02-012.74%2.73%2.56%2.20%
2017-03-012.38%2.37%2.07%1.91%
2017-04-012.20%2.19%1.82%1.77%
2017-05-011.87%1.87%1.48%1.56%
2017-06-011.63%1.64%1.21%1.47%
2017-07-011.73%1.72%1.28%1.49%
2017-08-011.94%1.95%1.53%1.57%
2017-09-012.23%2.25%1.86%1.76%
2017-10-012.04%2.03%1.63%1.68%
2017-11-012.20%2.23%1.80%1.79%
2017-12-012.11%2.09%1.69%1.77%
2018-01-012.07%2.07%1.60%1.76%
2018-02-012.21%2.23%1.74%1.84%
2018-03-012.36%2.34%1.94%2.00%
2018-04-012.46%2.48%2.05%2.05%
2018-05-012.80%2.81%2.32%2.27%
2018-06-012.87%2.86%2.42%2.27%
2018-07-012.95%2.95%2.57%2.34%
2018-08-012.70%2.72%2.29%2.18%
2018-09-012.28%2.29%1.87%2.01%
2018-10-012.52%2.57%2.09%2.05%
2018-11-012.18%2.21%1.80%1.94%
2018-12-011.91%1.93%1.54%1.86%
2019-01-011.55%1.55%1.26%1.43%
2019-02-011.52%1.52%1.25%1.40%
2019-03-011.86%1.87%1.53%1.52%
2019-04-012.00%1.98%1.60%1.57%
2019-05-011.79%1.79%1.43%1.47%
2019-06-011.65%1.67%1.33%1.43%
2019-07-011.81%1.83%1.47%1.45%
2019-08-011.75%1.74%1.46%1.43%
2019-09-011.71%1.73%1.36%1.28%
2019-10-011.76%1.78%1.35%1.29%
2019-11-012.05%2.04%1.60%1.36%
2019-12-012.29%2.29%1.80%1.56%
2020-01-012.49%2.50%1.98%1.79%
2020-02-012.33%2.34%1.84%1.69%
2020-03-011.54%1.60%1.13%1.17%
2020-04-010.33%0.42%0.15%0.46%
2020-05-010.12%0.21%-0.11%0.49%
2020-06-010.65%0.78%0.42%0.76%
2020-07-010.99%1.10%0.93%0.92%
2020-08-011.31%1.44%1.30%1.16%
2020-09-011.37%1.47%1.38%1.28%
2020-10-011.18%1.25%1.21%1.19%
2020-11-011.17%1.27%1.19%1.19%
2020-12-011.36%1.43%1.50%1.33%
2021-01-011.40%1.51%1.60%1.59%
2021-02-011.68%1.81%1.83%1.84%
2021-03-012.62%2.75%2.65%2.67%
2021-04-014.16%4.26%4.00%3.64%
2021-05-014.99%5.18%4.86%4.07%
2021-06-015.39%5.56%5.14%4.31%
2021-07-015.37%5.52%5.03%4.47%
2021-08-015.25%5.37%4.81%4.58%
2021-09-015.39%5.50%5.00%4.74%
2021-10-016.22%6.38%5.81%5.34%
2021-11-016.81%6.94%6.36%5.93%
2021-12-017.04%7.20%6.50%6.14%
2022-01-017.48%7.62%6.83%6.27%
2022-02-017.87%8.02%7.29%6.55%
2022-03-018.54%8.70%8.13%6.93%
2022-04-018.26%8.40%7.93%6.68%
2022-05-018.58%8.62%8.34%6.79%
2022-06-019.06%9.08%8.71%7.24%
2022-07-018.52%8.56%8.11%6.75%
2022-08-018.26%8.33%7.89%6.64%
2022-09-018.20%8.28%7.88%6.67%
2022-10-017.75%7.80%7.57%6.46%
2022-11-017.11%7.19%7.05%6.03%
2022-12-016.45%6.54%6.44%5.52%
2023-01-016.41%6.48%6.42%5.51%
2023-02-016.04%6.08%5.96%5.20%
2023-03-014.98%4.99%4.77%4.43%
2023-04-014.93%4.93%4.69%4.48%
2023-05-014.05%4.05%3.76%4.00%
2023-06-012.97%2.97%2.87%3.28%
2023-07-013.18%3.18%3.00%3.41%
2023-08-013.67%3.67%3.47%3.43%
2023-09-013.70%3.70%3.40%3.45%
2023-10-013.24%3.24%2.89%3.02%
2023-11-013.14%3.14%2.67%2.77%
2023-12-013.35%3.35%2.86%2.77%
2024-01-013.09%3.09%2.62%2.70%
2024-02-013.15%3.15%2.76%2.71%
2024-03-013.48%3.48%3.14%2.93%
2024-04-013.36%3.36%2.98%2.83%
2024-05-013.27%3.27%2.89%2.66%
2024-06-012.97%2.97%2.59%2.55%
2024-07-012.89%2.89%2.54%2.59%
2024-08-012.53%2.53%2.17%2.41%
2024-09-012.44%2.44%2.10%2.26%
2024-10-012.60%2.60%2.29%2.48%
2024-11-012.75%2.75%2.48%2.59%
2024-12-012.89%2.89%2.64%2.73%
2025-01-013.00%3.00%2.75%2.61%
2025-02-012.82%2.82%2.57%2.71%
2025-03-012.39%2.39%2.14%2.36%
2025-04-012.31%2.31%2.09%2.28%
2025-05-012.35%2.35%2.14%2.46%
2025-06-012.67%2.67%2.46%2.59%
2025-07-012.70%2.71%2.56%2.61%
2025-08-012.92%2.92%2.81%2.75%
2025-09-013.01%3.01%2.92%2.79%
2025-10-012.71%
2025-11-012.74%2.74%2.60%2.82%
2025-12-012.68%2.68%2.51%2.88%
2026-01-012.39%2.21%2.86%
2026-02-012.41%2.24%2.83%
2026-03-013.26%3.11%3.50%

Note: Data for CPI index variants is not available for October 2025 due to a government shutdown.
Source: Pew Research Center analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price Index (CPI) variants and Bureau of Economic Analysis’ Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER

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