This report was produced by Pew Research Center as part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures project, which analyzes religious change and its impact on societies around the world. Funding for the Global Religious Futures project comes from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John Templeton Foundation.

This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals. Find related reports online at pewresearch.org/pewresearch-org/religion.

Primary Researcher

Dennis Quinn, Computational Social Scientist

Research Team

Brian Broderick, Data Science Engineer Gregory A. Smith, Associate Director of Research Emma Remy, Data Science Assistant Besheer Mohammed, Senior Researcher Patrick van Kessel, Senior Data Scientist Aaron Smith, Director of Data Labs Alan Cooperman, Director of Religion Research Claudia Deane, Vice President for Research Andrew Mercer, Senior Research Methodologist Adam Hughes, Associate Director of Research Regina Widjaya, Computational Social Scientist Sono Shah, Computational Social Scientist Claire Gecewicz, Research Associate Rachel Sweeney, Assistant DevOps Engineer Madhu Kumar, Research Assistant Erica Turner, Internet and Science Intern Andrew Perrin, Research Analyst

Editorial and Graphic Design

Michael Lipka, Editorial Manager Aleksandra Sandstrom, Copy Editor Peter Bell, Design Director Bill Webster, Information Graphics Designer           

Communications and Web Publishing

Stacy Rosenberg, Associate Director, Digital Travis Mitchell, Digital Producer Anna Schiller, Communications Manager Rachel Weisel, Senior Communications Manager Andrew Grant, Communications Associate

Others at Pew Research Center also gave valuable feedback on this report, including Kiana Cox, Ruth Igielnik, Bradley Jones, Alycia Kantor, Hannah Klein, Rebecca Schmitt, Elizabeth Podrebarac Sciupac and Galen Stocking. Former Pew Research Center Data Labs Director Solomon Messing also contributed to this report. Outside guidance was provided by Mark Chaves, Professor of Sociology, Duke University.