This report was produced by Pew Research Center as part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures project, which analyzes religious change and its impact on societies around the world. Funding for the Global Religious Futures project comes from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John Templeton Foundation.

This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals. Find related reports online at pewresearch.org/pewresearch-org/religion.

Research Team

Stephanie Kramer, Research Associate Conrad Hackett, Associate Director of Research and Senior Demographer Alan Cooperman, Director of Religion Research Anne Fengyan Shi, Senior Researcher Jacob Ausubel, Research Assistant Jose Fuentes, Intern George Hayward, Intern Sara Hodgson, Intern Kabir Sandrolini, Intern Yunping Tong, Intern                        

Editorial and Graphic Design

Dalia Fahmy, Senior Writer/Editor Michael Lipka, Editorial Manager Aleksandra Sandstrom, Copy Editor Bill Webster, Senior Information Graphics Designer

Communications and Web Publishing

Stacy Rosenberg, Associate Director, Digital Travis Mitchell, Digital Producer Anna Schiller, Communications Manager Haley Nolan, Communications Associate

Others at Pew Research Center provided valuable feedback on this report, including associate directors of research Gregory A. Smith, Neha Sahgal and Juliana Menasce Horowitz, as well as Andrew Mercer, senior research methodologist. Gretchen Livingston, former senior researcher at Pew Research Center, also provided valuable guidance with this report.

Philip Schwadel, professor of sociology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, spent a year as a visiting researcher at Pew Research Center. The Center is grateful for his contributions to this report and other work.

Pew Research Center also received valuable advice on this report from: Philip N. Cohen, professor of sociology at the University of Maryland; Laurie F. DeRose, assistant professor of sociology at the Catholic University of America; David C. Dollahite, Camilla E. Kimball Professor of Family Life at Brigham Young University; Sriya Iyer, university reader in economics and fellow of St Catharine’s College at the University of Cambridge; Nicolette D. Manglos-Weber, assistant professor of religion and society at the Boston University School of Theology; Luca Maria Pesando, assistant professor of demography at the Centre on Population Dynamics at McGill University; Beth S. Wenger, associate dean of graduate studies and Moritz and Josephine Berg Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania; and W. Bradford Wilcox, director of the National Marriage Project at the University of Virginia.

While the analysis for this report was guided by our consultations with the advisers, Pew Research Center is solely responsible for the interpretation and reporting of the data.