* The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details.

Note: Figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. For sample sizes and margins of error, go to the “Table” tab above. The 2023-24 approach to measuring gender is different from both the 2007 and 2014 surveys. In the 2007 survey, respondents were not directly asked about their gender; rather, the telephone interviewers were asked to use their judgment to determine whether each respondent was a man or a woman, and to record this judgment at the end of the interview. In the 2014 survey, respondents were asked, “Are you male or female?” If they declined to answer or volunteered another response, the respondent’s gender was recorded based on the interviewer’s observation.

Note: Figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. The 2023-24 approach to measuring gender is different from both the 2007 and 2014 surveys. In the 2007 survey, respondents were not directly asked about their gender; rather, the telephone interviewers were asked to use their judgment to determine whether each respondent was a man or a woman, and to record this judgment at the end of the interview. In the 2014 survey, respondents were asked, “Are you male or female?” If they declined to answer or volunteered another response, the respondent’s gender was recorded based on the interviewer’s observation.

Note: Figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Data from 2023-24. U.S. population shown for comparison. Refer to the accompanying link for sample sizes and margins of error. The 2023-24 approach to measuring gender is different from both the 2007 and 2014 surveys. In the 2007 survey, respondents were not directly asked about their gender; rather, the telephone interviewers were asked to use their judgment to determine whether each respondent was a man or a woman, and to record this judgment at the end of the interview. In the 2014 survey, respondents were asked, “Are you male or female?” If they declined to answer or volunteered another response, the respondent’s gender was recorded based on the interviewer’s observation.