Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
Survey year | Religion | Philosophy/reason | Common sense | Science | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | 38% | 9% | 45% | 6% | 2% | 9,542 |
2007 | 31% | 7% | 55% | 4% | 2% | 9,841 |
Learn More: Religion, Philosophy/reason, Common sense, Science
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by religious group
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
Religious tradition | Religion | Philosophy/reason | Common sense | Science | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Catholic | 34% | 9% | 48% | 7% | 2% | 2,774 |
Evangelical Protestant | 50% | 8% | 37% | 3% | 2% | 2,469 |
Historically Black Protestant | 39% | 8% | 46% | 6% | 1% | 466 |
Jehovah's Witness | 78% | 2% | 13% | 3% | 4% | 102 |
Jewish | 34% | 9% | 47% | 6% | 4% | 184 |
Mainline Protestant | 32% | 9% | 52% | 5% | 2% | 2,158 |
Mormon | 65% | 3% | 28% | 1% | 2% | 360 |
Unaffiliated (religious "nones") | 14% | 11% | 63% | 9% | 3% | 713 |
Learn More: Religion, Philosophy/reason, Common sense, Science
Demographic✭Information
Age distribution among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are ages…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | 18-29 | 30-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 21% | 33% | 27% | 19% | 3,746 |
Philosophy/reason | 37% | 32% | 19% | 12% | 817 |
Common sense | 24% | 34% | 25% | 17% | 4,094 |
Science | 29% | 36% | 22% | 13% | 509 |
Don't know | 16% | 34% | 27% | 23% | 211 |
Generational cohort among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Younger Millennial | Older Millennial | Generation X | Baby Boomer | Silent | Greatest | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 14% | 13% | 27% | 33% | 12% | 1% | 3,746 |
Philosophy/reason | 25% | 19% | 25% | 22% | 9% | < 1% | 817 |
Common sense | 15% | 14% | 29% | 30% | 11% | 1% | 4,094 |
Science | 22% | 13% | 30% | 26% | 8% | 1% | 509 |
Don't know | 10% | 10% | 30% | 31% | 17% | 2% | 211 |
Gender composition among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Men | Women | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|
Religion | 42% | 58% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 48% | 52% | 827 |
Common sense | 48% | 52% | 4,156 |
Science | 48% | 52% | 517 |
Don't know | 58% | 42% | 223 |
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who identify as…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | White | Black | Asian | Latino | Other/Mixed | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 71% | 11% | 2% | 12% | 4% | 3,782 |
Philosophy/reason | 64% | 10% | 5% | 16% | 5% | 821 |
Common sense | 72% | 10% | 3% | 12% | 3% | 4,115 |
Science | 58% | 8% | 6% | 23% | 5% | 508 |
Don't know | 76% | 6% | 3% | 12% | 3% | 217 |
Immigrant status among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Immigrants | Second generation | Third generation or higher | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 11% | 9% | 80% | 3,783 |
Philosophy/reason | 17% | 12% | 71% | 824 |
Common sense | 11% | 11% | 78% | 4,111 |
Science | 23% | 13% | 64% | 508 |
Don't know | 17% | 7% | 76% | 220 |
Income distribution among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who have a household income of…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Less than $30,000 | $30,000-$49,999 | $50,000-$99,999 | $100,000 or more | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 27% | 21% | 32% | 20% | 3,368 |
Philosophy/reason | 32% | 17% | 28% | 24% | 747 |
Common sense | 32% | 21% | 28% | 19% | 3,667 |
Science | 31% | 23% | 26% | 20% | 453 |
Don't know | 25% | 23% | 32% | 20% | 174 |
Educational distribution among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who have completed…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | High school or less | Some college | College | Post-graduate degree | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 32% | 34% | 20% | 13% | 3,809 |
Philosophy/reason | 32% | 34% | 19% | 14% | 825 |
Common sense | 42% | 34% | 16% | 8% | 4,141 |
Science | 40% | 25% | 19% | 15% | 514 |
Don't know | 34% | 27% | 24% | 15% | 220 |
Marital status among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Married | Living with a partner | Divorced/separated | Widowed | Never married | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 56% | 4% | 11% | 6% | 23% | 3,808 |
Philosophy/reason | 43% | 6% | 12% | 3% | 35% | 823 |
Common sense | 48% | 7% | 13% | 7% | 25% | 4,146 |
Science | 44% | 8% | 12% | 4% | 32% | 514 |
Don't know | 56% | 3% | 11% | 10% | 20% | 221 |
Parent of children under 18 among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Parents | Non-parents | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|
Religion | 33% | 67% | 3,802 |
Philosophy/reason | 30% | 70% | 826 |
Common sense | 30% | 70% | 4,141 |
Science | 33% | 67% | 516 |
Don't know | 26% | 74% | 221 |
Beliefs✭and✭Practices
Belief in God among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say they…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Believe in God; absolutely certain | Believe in God; fairly certain | Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | Believe in God; don't know | Do not believe in God | Other/don't know if they believe in God | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 90% | 9% | 1% | < 1% | < 1% | < 1% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 66% | 30% | 4% | < 1% | < 1% | < 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 69% | 26% | 3% | < 1% | 1% | < 1% | 4,156 |
Science | 55% | 36% | 5% | < 1% | 3% | < 1% | 517 |
Don't know | 86% | 11% | 1% | 1% | < 1% | 1% | 223 |
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say religion is…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Very important | Somewhat important | Not too important | Not at all important | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 85% | 13% | 1% | 1% | < 1% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 50% | 37% | 8% | 4% | 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 46% | 44% | 8% | 2% | < 1% | 4,156 |
Science | 42% | 43% | 12% | 3% | < 1% | 517 |
Don't know | 68% | 22% | 3% | 3% | 4% | 223 |
Attendance at religious services among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who attend religious services…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | At least once a week | Once or twice a month/a few times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 63% | 27% | 9% | < 1% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 33% | 47% | 20% | < 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 27% | 49% | 24% | < 1% | 4,156 |
Science | 25% | 48% | 26% | 1% | 517 |
Don't know | 53% | 29% | 15% | 3% | 223 |
Frequency of prayer among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who pray…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | At least daily | Weekly | Monthly | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 81% | 14% | 2% | 2% | < 1% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 54% | 26% | 9% | 11% | < 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 52% | 25% | 9% | 13% | < 1% | 4,156 |
Science | 44% | 27% | 8% | 20% | < 1% | 517 |
Don't know | 74% | 18% | 4% | 4% | 1% | 223 |
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who attend prayer group…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 40% | 13% | 11% | 35% | < 1% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 18% | 14% | 15% | 53% | < 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 14% | 9% | 11% | 66% | < 1% | 4,156 |
Science | 13% | 12% | 10% | 64% | < 1% | 517 |
Don't know | 28% | 16% | 10% | 43% | 3% | 223 |
Frequency of meditation among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who meditate…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 49% | 8% | 3% | 38% | 1% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 45% | 9% | 5% | 41% | 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 30% | 8% | 5% | 56% | 1% | 4,156 |
Science | 29% | 13% | 4% | 54% | < 1% | 517 |
Don't know | 48% | 7% | 2% | 37% | 5% | 223 |
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 74% | 14% | 6% | 5% | 1% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 56% | 22% | 10% | 11% | < 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 50% | 20% | 14% | 16% | 1% | 4,156 |
Science | 46% | 18% | 18% | 18% | 1% | 517 |
Don't know | 71% | 12% | 3% | 11% | 3% | 223 |
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 47% | 18% | 12% | 21% | 1% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 53% | 16% | 13% | 17% | 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 36% | 18% | 15% | 30% | 1% | 4,156 |
Science | 38% | 17% | 16% | 29% | < 1% | 517 |
Don't know | 52% | 15% | 10% | 20% | 4% | 223 |
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | There are clear standards for what is right and wrong | Right or wrong depends on the situation | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 48% | 50% | 1% | < 1% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 31% | 68% | 1% | < 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 29% | 70% | 1% | < 1% | 4,156 |
Science | 26% | 74% | < 1% | 1% | 517 |
Don't know | 37% | 53% | 6% | 4% | 223 |
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who read scripture…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 59% | 13% | 8% | 20% | < 1% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 32% | 17% | 11% | 40% | < 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 22% | 14% | 13% | 50% | < 1% | 4,156 |
Science | 20% | 15% | 13% | 52% | < 1% | 517 |
Don't know | 45% | 11% | 11% | 30% | 3% | 223 |
Belief in Heaven among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who …in heaven
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 90% | 5% | 5% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 87% | 8% | 5% | 827 |
Common sense | 90% | 6% | 4% | 4,156 |
Science | 85% | 12% | 3% | 517 |
Don't know | 84% | 7% | 9% | 223 |
Belief in Hell among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who …in hell
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 76% | 17% | 7% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 63% | 31% | 6% | 827 |
Common sense | 68% | 25% | 6% | 4,156 |
Science | 67% | 28% | 5% | 517 |
Don't know | 65% | 19% | 16% | 223 |
Social✭and✭Political✭Views
Party affiliation among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who identify as…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Republican/lean Rep. | No lean | Democrat/lean Dem. | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 51% | 15% | 33% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 44% | 13% | 43% | 827 |
Common sense | 44% | 16% | 41% | 4,156 |
Science | 33% | 18% | 50% | 517 |
Don't know | 47% | 28% | 26% | 223 |
Political ideology among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 50% | 33% | 12% | 5% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 29% | 42% | 26% | 4% | 827 |
Common sense | 36% | 41% | 19% | 4% | 4,156 |
Science | 28% | 45% | 24% | 3% | 517 |
Don't know | 44% | 34% | 11% | 12% | 223 |
Views about size of government among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who would rather have…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Smaller government; fewer services | Bigger government; more services | Depends | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 63% | 33% | 2% | 3% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 55% | 41% | 2% | 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 58% | 38% | 2% | 2% | 4,156 |
Science | 43% | 53% | 1% | 2% | 517 |
Don't know | 55% | 25% | 8% | 12% | 223 |
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say government aid to the poor…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Does more harm than good | Does more good than harm | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 52% | 44% | 3% | 1% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 41% | 54% | 4% | < 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 52% | 45% | 2% | 1% | 4,156 |
Science | 43% | 54% | 2% | 1% | 517 |
Don't know | 36% | 40% | 16% | 8% | 223 |
Views about abortion among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say abortion should be…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Legal in all/most cases | Illegal in all/most cases | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 34% | 63% | 2% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 56% | 41% | 2% | 827 |
Common sense | 58% | 40% | 3% | 4,156 |
Science | 59% | 38% | 3% | 517 |
Don't know | 38% | 52% | 10% | 223 |
Views about homosexuality among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say homosexuality…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Should be accepted | Should be discouraged | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 48% | 44% | 5% | 3% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 76% | 17% | 5% | 2% | 827 |
Common sense | 71% | 22% | 4% | 2% | 4,156 |
Science | 73% | 21% | 1% | 4% | 517 |
Don't know | 43% | 32% | 14% | 11% | 223 |
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who …same-sex marriage
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Strongly favor/favor | Oppose/strongly oppose | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 37% | 57% | 7% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 69% | 25% | 6% | 827 |
Common sense | 60% | 32% | 8% | 4,156 |
Science | 66% | 29% | 6% | 517 |
Don't know | 40% | 46% | 14% | 223 |
Views about environmental regulation among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy | Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 42% | 54% | 2% | 2% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 32% | 67% | 1% | 1% | 827 |
Common sense | 41% | 56% | 1% | 1% | 4,156 |
Science | 33% | 63% | 2% | 2% | 517 |
Don't know | 39% | 46% | 8% | 7% | 223 |
Views about human evolution among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by sources of guidance on right and wrong
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say humans…
Sources of guidance on right and wrong | Evolved; due to natural processes | Evolved; due to God's design | Evolved; don't know how | Always existed in present form | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | 10% | 37% | 2% | 48% | 4% | 3,819 |
Philosophy/reason | 28% | 44% | 4% | 23% | 2% | 827 |
Common sense | 25% | 38% | 3% | 31% | 3% | 4,156 |
Science | 41% | 32% | 3% | 23% | 2% | 517 |
Don't know | 5% | 39% | 14% | 26% | 16% | 223 |