--- title: "Appendix A: References" description: "Burkhauser, Richard V., Amy Crews Cutts, Mary C. Daly and Stephen P. Jenkins. 1999. “Testing the Significance of Income Distribution Changes Over the 1980s Business Cycle: A Cross-National Comparison.” Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 14, No. 3. Cingano, Federico. 2014. “Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth.” Paris, France: Organization for Economic […]" date: "2016-05-11" authors: - name: "No Author" url: "https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2016/05/11/appendix-a-references-3/" categories: - "Economic Conditions" - "Economic Inequality" - "Income & Wages" - "Middle Class" - "Wealth" --- # Appendix A: References Burkhauser, Richard V., Amy Crews Cutts, Mary C. Daly and Stephen P. Jenkins. 1999. “Testing the Significance of Income Distribution Changes Over the 1980s Business Cycle: A Cross-National Comparison.” *Journal of Applied Econometrics*, Vol. 14, No. 3. Cingano, Federico. 2014. “Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth.” Paris, France: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, December. [http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/trends-in-income-inequality-and-its-impact-on-economic-growth_5jxrjncwxv6j-en](http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/trends-in-income-inequality-and-its-impact-on-economic-growth_5jxrjncwxv6j-en) Dabla-Norris, Era, Kalpana Kochhar, Nujin Suphaphiphat, Frantisek Ricka and Evridiki Tsounta. 2015. “Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality: A Global Perspective.” Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, June. [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn1513.pdf](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn1513.pdf) Debels, Annelies and Leen Vandecasteele. 2008. “The Time Lag in Annual Household-Based Income Measures: Assessing and Correcting the Bias.” Review of Income and Wealth, Vol. 54, No. 1. Garner, Thesia I., Javier Ruiz-Castillo and Mercedes Sastre. 2003. “ The Influence of Demographics and Household-Specific Price Indices on Consumption-Based Inequality and Welfare: A Comparison of Spain and the United States.” Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 70, No. 1. Hout, Michael. 2007. “How Class Works in Popular Conception: Most Americans Identify With the Class Their Income, Occupation, and Education Implies for Them.” Berkeley, CA: Survey Research Center, February. [http://ucdata.berkeley.edu/publication_record.php?recid=96](http://ucdata.berkeley.edu/publication_record.php?recid=96) Johnson, David S., Timothy M. Smeeding and Barbara Boyle Torrey. 2005. “Economic Inequality Through the Prisms of Income and Consumption.” Monthly Labor Review, April. [http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2005/04/art2full.pdf](http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2005/04/art2full.pdf) Krueger, Alan B. 2012. “The Rise and Consequences of Inequality in the United States.” Council of Economic Advisers. Speech given to Center for American Progress, Washington, D.C., January 12. [http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/krueger_cap_speech_final_remarks.pdf](http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/krueger_cap_speech_final_remarks.pdf) Ostry, Jonathan D., Andrew Berg and Charalambos G. Tsangarides. 2014. “Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth.” Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, February. [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2014/sdn1402.pdf](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2014/sdn1402.pdf) Pew Research Center. 2008. “Inside the Middle Class: Bad Times Hit the Good Life.” Washington, D.C.: April. [https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2008/04/09/inside-the-middle-class-bad-times-hit-the-good-life/](https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2008/04/09/inside-the-middle-class-bad-times-hit-the-good-life/) Pew Research Center. 2012. “The Lost Decade of the Middle Class.” Washington, D.C.: August. [https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2012/08/22/the-lost-decade-of-the-middle-class/](https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2012/08/22/the-lost-decade-of-the-middle-class/) Pew Research Center. 2015. “The American Middle Class Is Losing Ground: No longer the majority and falling behind financially.” Washington, D.C.: December. [https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2015/12/09/the-american-middle-class-is-losing-ground](https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2015/12/09/the-american-middle-class-is-losing-ground) [Machine-readable database] Savage, Mike, Fiona Devine, Niall Cunningham, Mark Taylor, Yaojun Li, Johs. Hjellbrekke, Brigitte Le Roux, Sam Friedman and Andrew Miles. 2013. “A New Model of Social Class: Findings From the BBC’s Great British Class Survey Experiment.” Sociology, April. [http://soc.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/03/12/0038038513481128](http://soc.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/03/12/0038038513481128) Short, Kathleen, Thesia Garner, David Johnson and Patricia Doyle. 1999. “Experimental Poverty Measures, 1990 to 1997.” Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau, June. [https://www.census.gov/prod/99pubs/p60-205.pdf](https://www.census.gov/prod/99pubs/p60-205.pdf) Summers, Lawrence H. and Ed Balls. 2015. “Report of the Commission on Inclusive Prosperity.” Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress, January. [https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/report/2015/01/15/104266/report-of-the-commission-on-inclusive-prosperity](https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/report/2015/01/15/104266/report-of-the-commission-on-inclusive-prosperity) --- **Next:** [Appendix B: Detailed tables and maps](https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2016/05/11/appendix-b-detailed-tables-and-maps.md)