--- title: "References" description: "Brunsma, David L. and Kerry Ann Rockquemore. 2001. “The New Color Complex: Appearances and Biracial Identity.” Identity 3(1):29-52. Cohn, D’Vera. 2012. “Census Bureau Considers Changing Its Race/Hispanic Questions.” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. August. Cohn, D’Vera. 2015. “Census considers new approach to asking about race – by not using the term at all.” Washington, D.C.: […]" date: "2015-11-06" authors: - name: "Eileen Patten" job_title: "Former Research Analyst" link: "https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/eileen-patten/" url: "https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2015/11/06/references-15/" categories: - "Race & Ethnicity" --- # References Brunsma, David L. and Kerry Ann Rockquemore. 2001. “[The New Color Complex: Appearances and Biracial Identity](http://www.academia.edu/285493/The_New_Color_Complex_Appearances_and_Biracial_Identity).” *Identity* 3(1):29-52. Cohn, D’Vera. 2012. “[Census Bureau Considers Changing Its Race/Hispanic Questions](https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2012/08/07/census-bureau-considers-changing-its-racehispanic-questions/).” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. August. Cohn, D’Vera. 2015. “[Census considers new approach to asking about race – by not using the term at all](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2015/06/18/census-considers-new-approach-to-asking-about-race-by-not-using-the-term-at-all/).” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. June. Compton, Elizabeth, Michael Bentley, Sharon Ennis and Sonya Rastogi. 2013. “[2010 Census Race and Hispanic Origin Alternative Questionnaire Experiment](http://www.census.gov/2010census/pdf/2010_Census_Race_HO_AQE.pdf).” Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. February. Doyle, Jamie Mihoko and Grace Kao. 2007. “[Are Racial Identities of Multiracials Stable? Changing Self-identification among Single and Multiple Race Individuals](http://spq.sagepub.com/content/70/4/405.abstract).” *Social Psychology Quarterly* 70(4):405–23. Goldstein, Joshua R. and Ann J. Morning. 2000. “[The multiple-race population of the United States: issues and estimates](http://www.pnas.org/content/97/11/6230).” *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* 97 (11): 6230–35. Gullickson, Aaron and Ann Morning. 2011. “[Choosing Race: Multiracial ancestry and identification](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X10002899).” *Social Science Research* 40(2): 498-512. March. Harris, David R. 2002. “[Does It Matter How We Measure? Racial Classification and the Characteristics of Multiracial Youth](https://www.russellsage.org/publications/new-race-question).” In Waters, M. C. & Perlmann, J. (Eds.), *The New Race Question: How the Census Counts Multiracial Individuals *(pp. 62-101). New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Harris, David R. and Jeremiah Joseph Sim. 2002. “[Who Is Multiracial? Assessing the Complexity of Lived Race](http://www.jstor.org/stable/3088948).” *American Sociological Review *67(4): 614-27. August. Humes, Karen R., Nicholas A. Jones and Roberto R. Ramirez. 2011. “[Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010](http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf).” Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. March. Krogstad, Jens Manuel. 2014. “[Census Bureau explores new Middle East/North Africa ethnic category](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2014/03/24/census-bureau-explores-new-middle-eastnorth-africa-ethnic-category/).” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. Krogstad, Jens Manuel and D’Vera Cohn. 2014. “[U.S. Census looking at big changes in how it asks about race and ethnicity](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2014/03/14/u-s-census-looking-at-big-changes-in-how-it-asks-about-race-and-ethnicity/).” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. March. Lee, Taeku. 2009. “Between Social Theory and Social Science Practice: Toward a New Approach to the Survey Measurement of ‘Race’.” In Rawi Abdelal et al. (eds.) *Measuring Identity: A Guide for Social Scientists*. (pp. 113-144). Cambridge University Press. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511810909.005](http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511810909.005) Morin, Rich. 2015. “[Among multiracial adults, racial identity can be fluid](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2015/06/16/among-multiracial-adults-racial-identity-can-be-fluid/).” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. June. Pew Research Center. 2015. “Multiracial in America: Proud, Diverse and Growing in Numbers.” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. June. [https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2015/06/11/multiracial-in-america/](https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2015/06/11/multiracial-in-america/) Pew Research Center. 2015. “[Building Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel](https://www.pewresearch.org/2015/04/08/building-pew-research-centers-american-trends-panel/).” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. April. Saperstein, Aliya and Andrew M. Penner. 2014. “[Beyond the Looking Glass: Exploring Fluidity in Racial Self-Identification and Interviewer Classification](http://spx.sagepub.com/content/57/2/186).” *Sociological Perspectives *57 (2): 186-207. June. Tafoya, Sonya. 2004. “[Shades of Belonging: Latinos and Racial Identity](https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2004/12/06/shades-of-belonging/).” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. December. --- **Next:** [About This Report](https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2015/11/06/about-this-report-5.md)