---
title: "References"
description: "Bianchi, Suzanne M., John P. Robinson, and Melissa A. Milkie. 2006. Changing Rhythms of American Family Life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Mattingly, M.J., and Suzanne M. Bianchi. 2003. “Gender Difference in the Quantity and Quality of Free Time: The U.S. Experience,” Social Forces, March 2003, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 999-1030. Offer, Shira, and […]"
date: "2013-03-14"
authors:
  - name: "Kim Parker"
url: "https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2013/03/14/references-5-2/"
---

# References

Bianchi, Suzanne M., John P. Robinson, and Melissa A. Milkie. 2006. Changing Rhythms of American Family Life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

[Machine-readable database]

Mattingly, M.J., and Suzanne M. Bianchi. 2003. “Gender Difference in the Quantity and Quality of Free Time: The U.S. Experience,” Social Forces, March 2003, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 999-1030.

Offer, Shira, and Barbara Schneider. 2011 “Revisiting the Gender Gap in Time-Use Patterns: Multitasking and Well-Being among Mothers and Fathers in Dual-Earner Families,” American Sociological Review, vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 809-833.

Sayer, Liana C. 2005. “Gender, Time and Inequality: Trends in Women’s and Men’s Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Free Time,” Social Forces, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 285-303.

---

**Next:** [Appendix 1: Additional Charts](https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2013/03/14/appendix-1-additional-charts-2.md)